对煤炭资源开发和生态环境保护的思考

锡林郭勒盟煤炭资源丰富,探明储量1448亿吨,仅次于鄂尔多斯市居全区第二。大规模资源开发引起地貌、土壤、植被、水文、空气质量的环境构成要素的破坏,正在以扬沙、空气污染等方式反作用于人类。加强矿山环境保护势在必行,只要我们坚持开发、保护和治理相结合,认真处理矿产资源开发与经济发展、生态环境保护三者之间关系,矿山生态环境就会大大改善,科学发展观也就会真正落到实处。     

Profiles and risk assessment of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in drinking water sources and treatment plants,East China

This study is the first report describing the occurrence of 15 phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in the three typical water sources of YiXing City, Taihu Upper-River Basin, East China. The fate of target PAEs in the Jiubin drinking water treatment plant (JTP) was also analyzed. The amounts of Σ₁₅PAE in the Hengshan (HS), Youche (YC), and Xijiu (XJ) water sources were relatively moderate, with mean values of 360, 357, and 697 ng L⁻¹, respectively. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated the PAE concentration, making up 80% of the 15 total PAEs. The highest levels of Σ₁₅PAE were found in HS, YC, and XJ in March 2015, January 2015, and July 2014, respectively. The occurrence and concentrations of these compounds were spatially dependent, and the mean concentrations of Σ₁₅PAE in HS, YC, and XJ samples increased from the surface layer to the bottom layer with varied percentage increases. The removal efficiency of the PAEs in the finished water varied markedly, and the removal of PAEs by the JTP ranged from 12.8 to 64.5%. The potential ecosystem risk assessment indicated that the risk of PAEs was relatively low in these three water sources. However, risks posed by PAEs due to drinking water still exist; therefore, special attention should be paid to source control in the JTP, and advanced treatment processes for drinking water supplies should be implemented.

     

Anatomy of an urban waterbody: a case study of Boston's Muddy River

The objective of this study was to characterize and understand the water quality of Boston's Muddy River prior to restoration, to help guide those activities and evaluate their success. We use a combination of monitoring, data analysis and mathematical modeling. The seasonal pattern of temperature, pollutant signatures (identified using a principal component analysis), correlations with precipitation and spatial patterns all point to a significant wastewater input at one of the outfalls and suggest significant receiving water impact. However, a quantitative analysis using a mathematical model (QUAL2K) suggests this source is not significant. Rather, internal loading from algae, sediment bed and waterfowl dominate the spatial pattern of water quality. These results suggest significant improvement can be expected from planned sediment dredging. The paper provides a case study of water quality assessment in the context of urban river restoration, and it illustrates the utility of combining monitoring and data analysis with modeling.     

零价铁对水中六价铬还原性能及沉淀污泥中铬的固定化

采用零价铁还原水中六价铬,考察了溶液初始pH、铁粉投量、反应温度及水体中常见阴阳离子对还原效率的影响,得出其工艺参数为:初始pH=3.0,反应时间t=30 min,反应温度为室温,Fe0与Cr(VI)质量比为1 000: 1。将还原后产生的三价铬以沉淀形式从水中彻底分离出来,并对其进行了碱激发矿渣固定化处理,考察了固定化样品中Cr在不同环境条件下的浸出水平,结果表明,固定化处理能有效控制沉淀污泥中Cr的浸出。     

Effect of blue tit song syntax on great tit territorial responsiveness – an experimental test of the character shift hypothesis

A previous study of geographic variation in blue tit (Parus caeruleus) song structure showed that changes in blue tit song syntax (i.e. presence/absence of a trill) are correlated with the breeding density of a close competitor, the great tit (P. major), and are not correlated with other environmental factors such as vegetation structure or blue tit breeding density. We tested the hypothesis that blue tit trilled song represents a character shift that evolved because it reduced territorial interactions with more dominant great tits. We conducted five sets of playback trials in three study populations (mainland southern France, Corsica and Denmark) presenting male great tits with blue tit trilled and untrilled songs and great tit songs. We found that great tits respond equally strongly to both blue tit untrilled songs and to great tit songs, but show a significantly weaker response to blue tit trilled songs. These findings are the first experimental evidence that interspecific competition may play an important role in macrogeographic variation of bird song. Received: 10 October 1999 / Received in revised form: 2 April 2000 / Accepted: 15 April 2000