Bimetallic iron-aluminum particles for dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride

Bimetallic iron-aluminum (Fe/Al) particles were synthesized and tested for their reactivity toward carbon tetrachloride using batch reactors and a flow-through column at near neutral pH. Preparation of bimetallic Fe/Al particles was conducted under acidic conditions under which iron was readily deposited onto the aluminum surface. The SEM image showed clusters of iron on the aluminum surface at the measured Fe:Al molar ratio of about 2:3. Results showed that the presence of zero-valent aluminum successfully prevented the formation of a passive layer at the iron surface and maintained the reactivity of iron. The dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by bimetallic Fe/Al particles produced chloroform (9%), dichloromethane (17%) and methane (38%). Kinetic analysis suggests that bimetallic Fe/Al particles increased the reactivity toward carbon tetrachloride degradation by a factor of 10 compared to zero-valent iron and possessed a comparable reactivity with nano-sized Fe. The effectiveness of bimetallic Fe/Al particles was further confirmed by the continuous flow column study from which an ageing of bimetallic particles was also observed.     

Treatment and utilization of septic tank effluent using vertical-flow constructed wetlands and vegetable hydroponics

Vertical flow constructed wetlands is a typical ecological sanitation system for sewage treatment.The removal rates COD,BOD5,SS,TN and TP were 60%,80%,74%,49%and 79%,respectively,when septic tank effluent was treated by vertical flow filter.So the concentration of COD and BOD5 in the treated effluent could meet the quality standard for irrigation water.After that the treated effluent was used for hydroponic cultivation of water spinach and romaine lettuce,the removal efficiencies of the whole system for COD, BOD5,SS, TN and Tpwere 71.4%,97.5%,96.9%,86.3%,and 87.4%,respectively.And it could meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard for secondary biological treatment plant.It was found that using treated effluent for hydroponic cultivation of vegetables could reduce the nitrate content in vegetables.The removal rates for total bacteria and coliform index by using vertical flow bed system with cinder substrate were 80%-90% and 85%-96%,respectively.     

农业非点源污染研究进展和趋势

根据国内外农业非点源污染研究现状,本文在探讨农业非点源污染内涵及其特征的基础上,简要总结了农业非点源污染负荷的估算模型,列举区域农业非点源污染风险评估的手段和方法,从不同角度归纳了农业非点源污染的控制技术,并提出了近期农业非点源污染急需研究的热点和趋势,以期为进一步的农业非点源污染管理和控制提供参考。