潜流人工湿地填料及其去除污染物机理研究进展

填料是人工湿地特别是潜流人工湿地床体的主要介质,是湿地物理、化学、生物作用发生的主要载体,对湿地去除污染物的效果有决定性影响。从填料的来源、物理性质、化学组成等方面对实际应用中常见的天然产物类填料、工(农)业副产物类填料和人工制备类填料进行综述,总结了填料对水中污染物的主要去除机理,包括吸附-共沉降、离子交换、缓释碳源-电子供体、氧化还原作用;讨论了潜流湿地填料对氮、磷、重金属污染物的去除能力,并对比了不同填料的污染物去除效果;最后对潜流湿地填料选择和今后相关领域研究方向进行了展望,以期为人工湿地和污水处理技术进一步发展提供相关科学指导和理论依据。     

饮用水中典型致嗅物质吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱检测方法及优化

采用吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法对饮用水中致嗅物质2-甲基异茨醇（2-MIB）和土臭素（GSM）进行测定。通过调整吹扫温度、吹扫时间、吹扫时捕集阱的温度、六通阀温度和传输管线温度,分析吹扫捕集条件对吹扫捕集效率的影响,并确定最佳吹扫捕集条件。2-MIB和GSM的方法检出限（MDL）分别为0.729 ng·L-1和1.037 ng·L-1,方法定量限（MQL）分别为2.187 ng·L-1和3.112 ng·L-1,平均加标回收率分别在92%~108%和88%~104%范围内,相对标准偏差分别小于6.5%和9.0%.在20~300 ng·L-1的范围内,各异嗅化合物浓度与响应值的线性关系均良好,相关系数均大于0.999。该方法具有操作简便、检出限低,相关性良好、灵敏度高、重复性好等优点。     

Facile in situ synthesis of silver nanocomposites based on cellulosic paper for photocatalytic applications

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, various photocatalysts were synthesized with an impregnation-precipitation process to in situ decorate Ag-based nanoparticles (NPs,...     

钱塘江引水降氮示范工程的构建和运行研究

针对杭州西湖钱塘江引水低碳高氮的特点,提出以改性水草塘—复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)相耦合的生物—生态工艺进行引水处理,对该引水降氮示范工程的构建和运行效果进行了跟踪研究。结果表明,整个稳定运行期间(2012年7月19日至11月19日),耦合工艺对COD、TN、硝酸盐氮、TP的平均去除率分别为52.27%、52.49%、53.69%、52.79%,系统出水满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅳ标准;改性水草塘和IVCW单元作为耦合工艺的两个重要组成部分,在脱氮、除磷方面优势互补,从而共同保证出水水质的稳定;在改性水草塘单元,温度与COD的去除效果呈负相关关系,进水C/N与TN去除效果呈正相关关系;而在IVCW单元,温度与COD、TN的去除效果均呈线性正相关关系,进水C/N与两者的去除效果也呈正相关关系,且对COD的影响要大于对TN的影响。     

Amoxicillin effects on functional microbial community and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in amoxicillin manufacture wastewater treatment system

This study aimed to reveal how amoxicillin(AMX) affected the microbial community and the spread mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) in the AMX manufacture wastewater treatment system. For this purpose, a 1.47 L expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor was designed and run for 241 days treating artificial AMX manufacture wastewater. 454 pyrosequencing was applied to analyze functional microorganisms in the system. The antibiotic genes OXA_(-1), OXA_(-2), OXA_(-10), TEM_(-1), CTX-M_(-1), class I integrons(intI1) and 16 SrRNA genes were also examined in sludge samples. The results showed that the genera Ignavibacterium, Phocoenobacter,Spirochaeta, Aminobacterium and Cloacibacillus contributed to the degradation of different organic compounds(such as various sugars and amines). And the relative quantification of eachβ-lactam resistance gene in the study was changed with the increasing of AMX concentration.Furthermore the vertical gene transfer was the main driver for the spread of ARGs rather than horizontal transfer pathways in the system.     

离子色谱法和纳氏试剂光度法测定地表水中氨氮的比较试验

选用美国戴安公司ICS-1000型离子色谱;IonPacCG12A分离柱;CSRS3004mm抑制器;对环境水样中氨氮指标进行检验并与纳氏试剂光度法做比较以分析其可行性。经实测分析结果看离子色谱法的线性相关性能够满足分析要求,环境标准平行双样的相对标准偏差（RSD）均在质控分析要求范围之内;各个样品加标回收率均在要求控制范围之内;与钠氏试剂光度法测定结果比较,两种方法测定结果没有显著性差异,表明该方法精密度高、准确性好。本方法线性范围广,测定结果准确,操作简便,尤其更适用于大批样品多项目的测定。     

3种新型污染物对发光菌的毒性作用研究

分析了3种常见的代表性新型污染物对发光菌的单一毒性和等毒性比例下的联合毒性,基于毒性单位法(TU)、相加指数法(AI)和混合毒性指数法(MTI)评价混合体系联合毒性作用类型。三氯生、五氯酚、双酚A对发光菌的半数效应浓度(EC_(50))分别为:0.045、0.035、0.74 mg·L~(-1)。不同的评价方法对3种新型污染物的联合效应评价结果具有较好的一致性,多元混合体系呈现为不同程度的拮抗作用,结合分子结构特征和不同取代基的相互作用,初步分析了联合毒性机理,进一步毒性作用机制还需要通过对生物生理生化响应等进行深入研究。新型污染物混合体系对发光菌的联合作用呈现以拮抗作用为主,表明此类污染物环境残留可导致相关化学品功效降低,引发微生物耐药性的产生和传播的风险。     

4种喹诺酮类抗生素对发光菌毒性作用研究

分析了4种常见的喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)对发光菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum)的单一毒性和等毒性比例下的联合毒性作用,基于毒性单位法(TU)、相加指数法(AI)和混合毒性指数法(MTI)评价混合体系联合毒性的作用类型。加替沙星、洛美沙星、左氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星4种喹诺酮类医药品对发光菌的半数效应浓度(EC50)分别为:0.084×10~(-3)、0.137×10~(-3)、0.129×10~(-3)和0.151×10~(-3)mol·L-1。不同的评价方法对4种QNs的联合效应评价结果具有较好的一致性,多元混合体系呈现为不同程度的拮抗作用。结合分子结构特征和不同取代基相互作用,初步分析了联合毒性机理,进一步的毒性作用机制还需通过对生物生理生化反应等进行深入研究。本研究多种QNs混合体系呈现拮抗作用为主,揭示了此类医药品在环境中的联合使用可能导致药效降低以及微生物耐药性的产生和传播。     

Deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China

Freshwater quality criteria of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) were developed with particular reference to the aquatic biota in China, and based on USEPA's guidelines. Acute toxicity tests were performed on nine different domestic species indigenous to China to determine 48 h LC(50) and 96 h LC(50) values for 2,4,6-TCP. In addition, 21 d survival-reproduction test with Daphnia magna, 30 d embryo-larval test with Carassius auratus, 60 d fry-juvenile test with Ctenopharyngodon idellus, 30 d early life stage test with Bufo bufo gargarizans and 96 h growth inhibition test with Scenedesmus obliqaus were also conducted to estimate lower chronic limit and upper chronic limit values. The final acute value (FAV) was 2.01 mg/l 2,4,6-TCP. Acute-to-chronic ratios ranged from 5.01 to 12.2. The final chronic value (FCV) and the final plant value (FPV) of 2,4,6-TCP were 0.226 and 2.24 mg/l respectively. Based on FAV, FCV and FPV for 2,4,6-TCP, a criteria maximum concentration of 1.01 mg/l and a criterion continuous concentration of 0.226 mg/l were derived. The results of this study provide useful data for deriving national or local water quality criteria for 2,4,6-TCP based on aquatic biota in China.     

Detection and assessment of dust mite allergens in an indoor environment in Anhui,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dust in the home environment is thought to be a potential trigger for increasing allergic diseases, such as allergic rash, rhinitis, asthma, and other...