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Olga S. Arvaniti Marilena E. Dasenaki Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos Niki C. Maragou Vasilios G. Samaras Korina Antoniou Georgia Gatidou Daniel Mamais Constantinos Noutsopoulos Zacharias Frontistis Nikolaos S. Thomaidis Athanasios S. Stasinakis 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(11):148
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Mihaela Marilena Stancu 《Environmental Forensics》2015,16(3):242-256
Rhodococcus erythropolis IBBPo5 (KM405337) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus IBBPo7 (KM405338) showed good tolerance to 5% (v/v) organic solvents (alkanes, aromatics). However, 5% (v/v) alkanes (i.e., cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-decane) were less toxic for R. erythropolis IBBPo5 and L. xylanilyticus IBBPo7 cells, compared with 5% (v/v) aromatics (i.e., toluene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene). The high organic solvent tolerance of these two Gram-positive bacteria could be due to the presence in their genome of some catabolic (alkB1, todM, xylM) and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (otsA1) genes. R. erythropolis IBBPo5 possesses three catabolic genes (i.e., alkB1, todM, xylM), while L. xylanilyticus IBBPo7 possesses only one catabolic gene (i.e., alkB1). Numerous adaptations involved in organic solvents tolerance were depicted in R. erythropolis IBBPo5 and L. xylanilyticus IBBPo7 cells exposed to 5% (v/v) alkanes and aromatics (i.e., changes in the cell growth rate, membrane permeability, cell morphology, biosurfactant emulsification index, carotenoids profile, DNA fingerprinting). Therefore, microbiological, biochemical, and DNA fingerprinting studies of the bacteria isolated from polluted environments could provide valuable information that may complement or supplement other forensic investigations. 相似文献
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Aurora Neagoe Paula Stancu Andrei Nicoară Marilena Onete Florian Bodescu Roxana Gheorghe Virgil Iordache 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(11):6859-6876
Applied research programs in the remediation of contaminated areas can be used also for gaining insights in the physiological and ecological mechanisms supporting the resistance of plant communities in stress conditions due to toxic elements. The research hypothesis of this study was that in the heavily contaminated but nutrient-poor substrate of mine tailing dams, the beneficial effect of inoculation with arbuscular mychorrizal fungi (AMF) is due to an improvement of phosphorus nutrition rather than to a reduction of toxic element transfer to plants. A concept model assuming a causal chain from root colonization to element uptake, oxidative stress variables, and overall plant development was used. The methodological novelty lies in coupling in a single research program experiments conducted at three scales: pot, lysimeter, and field plot, with different ages of plants at the sampling moment (six subsets of samples in all). The inoculation with AMF in expanded clay carrier had a beneficial effect on the development of plants in the amended tailing substrate heavily contaminated with toxic elements. The effect of inoculation was stronger when the quantity of expanded carrier was smaller (1 % vs. 7 % inoculum), probably because of changes in substrate features. The improvement of plant growth was due mainly to an improvement in phosphorus nutrition leading to an increase of protein concentration and decrease of oxidative stress enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). In a single data subset, an effect of inoculation on the uptake of several toxic elements could be proved (decrease of As concentration in plant roots correlated with a decrease of oxidative stress independent from the effect of P concentration increase). The multi-scale approach allowed us to find differences between the patterns characterising the data subsets. These subset-specific patterns point out the existence of physiological differences between plants in different development states (as a result of sampling at different plant ages). From an applied perspective, conclusions are drawn with respect to the use of plants in the monitoring programs of contaminated areas and the use of inoculation with AMF in the remediation of tailing dams. 相似文献
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Airborne particulate matter (PM) containing fungal spores and pollen grains was sampled within a monitoring campaign of wheat threshing, plowing and sowing agricultural operations. Fungal spores and pollen grains were detected and identified on morphological basis. No studies were previously available about fungal spore and pollen content in agricultural PM in the Po Valley. Sampling was conducted in a Po Valley farmland in Mezzano (Ferrara, Italy). The organic particles collected were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Fungal spores and pollen grains were identified when possible at the level of species. The most frequent components of the organic particles sampled were spores of Aspergillus sp., which could represent a risk of developing allergies and aspergillosis for crop farmers. 相似文献
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Human health effects of air pollution 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Hazardous chemicals escape to the environment by a number of natural and/or anthropogenic activities and may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increased combustion of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for the progressive change in the atmospheric composition. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O(3)), heavy metals, and respirable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), differ in their chemical composition, reaction properties, emission, time of disintegration and ability to diffuse in long or short distances. Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health, affecting a number of different systems and organs. It ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults, aggravating pre-existing heart and lung disease, or asthmatic attacks. In addition, short- and long-term exposures have also been linked with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. These effects of air pollutants on human health and their mechanism of action are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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Tedeschi P Leis M Pezzi M Civolani S Maietti A Brandolini V 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(6):486-490
To avoid environmental pollution and health problems caused by the use of traditional synthetic pesticides, there is a trend to search for naturally occurring toxicants from plants. Among the compounds discussed for anti-fungal and insecticidal activity, the natural extracts from garlic and horseradish have attracted considerable attention. The objective of this study is to determine the insecticidal and anti-fungal activity of Armoracia rusticana and Allium sativum L. extracts against larvae of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and some pathogenic fungi. For the insecticidal test, horseradish and garlic extracts were prepared from fresh plants (cultivated in Emilia Romagna region) in a solution of ethanol 80 % and the two different solutions were used at different concentrations (for the determination of the lethal dose) against the fourth instar mosquito's larvae. The fungicidal test was carried out by the agar plates technique using garlic and horseradish extracts in a 10 % ethanol solution against the following organisms: Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. and Fusarium culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc. The first results demonstrated that the horseradish ethanol extracts present only a fungistatic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. and F. culmorum (Wm.G. Sm) Sacc. while garlic extracts at the same concentration provided a good fungicidal activity above all against Botrytis cinerea Pers. and S. rolfsii. A. rusticana and A. sativum preparations showed also an interesting and significant insecticidal activity against larvae of A. albopictus, even if horseradish presented a higher efficacy (LC?? value of 2.34 g/L), approximately two times higher than garlic one (LC?? value of 4.48 g/L). 相似文献
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Pezzi M Lanfredi M Chicca M Tedeschi P Brandolini V Leis M 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(6):480-485
The house fly, Musca domestica L., a relevant sanitary pest, is mainly controlled by insecticides. However, an inappropriate use of chemicals may induce resistance, treatment efficacy decline and environmental damages. We evaluated toxicity of some organophosphates, pyrethroids, spinosad and neonicotinoids by topical applications on adults of a M. domestica strain (OcRo) collected from an intensive chicken farm in Northern Italy, in comparison to a susceptible strain (s-DBF). The OcRo strain exhibited higher levels of resistance (RR??) to four pesticides in comparison to s-DBF. Spinosad and imidacloprid had very low RR??, thus were still efficient in OcRo control. We also tested resistance to pesticides in OcRo after topical applications of synergistic compounds. Hydrolases were involved in phosphorganic detoxification and cytochrome P450 monoxygenases in that of pyrethroids. These results indicate that OcRo strain is now multiresistant to organophosphates and pyrethroids, and this should be considered for an environmentally safe pest management. 相似文献
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Marilena C. Di Giacomo Carla Cesarano Nenad Bukvic Evangelia Manisali Ginevra Guanti Francesco Susca 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(8):619-622
The detection of very rare variants in prenatal diagnosis often causes counseling difficulties and anxiety in parents. We describe a duplication of the proximal region of chromosome 9 short arm in two cases of prenatal diagnosis and in one young woman, with evidence that such rearrangement is an uncommon variant. The duplication was investigated using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Although the cytogenetic findings were indicative of a ‘duplication 9p syndrome’ associated with mental and developmental retardation, we were able to demonstrate that the rearrangement was a heteromorphism with no phenotypic consequence. We also determined the breakpoint regions of the rearrangement and identified the BAC probes that precisely define the duplicated region devoid of risk of phenotypic effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献