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1.
Jos L. Mateos Paloma Fern ndez Del Pino Francisco J. Guti rrez Ma ero Marí a Ruiz Palomino Juan J. Colon Jos A. Lucas Garcí a Agustí n Probanza 《Chemistry and Ecology》2000,17(2):125-152
Microbial communities (phospholipid fatty acid pattern, bacterial growing strategies, eco-physiological index (EPI) and total bacteria counts, as a number of heterotrophic cuhurable bacteria), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and nitrogen mineralization were studied in three Mediterranean soils at three different depth levels (A, B and C). Soils were experimentally treated with a final concentration of 1000 ppm of trace metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr3+ and Cd2+). Soils were stored in 571 plastic containers for one year, and watered with 1001 during this period. Leachate was recovered through a bottom tap. Samples of the three depths were studied. Soil microbial communities showed different effects to other studies presented in the literature, but carried out on non-Mediterranean soils. Dramatic differences were found between treated soils and untreated ones, but not between soils or horizons. the treated soil displayed a decrease in CFUs, SIR N-mineralization and EPI together with a dominance of r-growing strategists. the relative moles percent of several PLFAs, especially 15:0, 16: 1ω7, cy17: 0, br18:0 and 18: 1ω7 decreased because of the pollution of soils, whereas 10Me16, 18:2ω6, cy19:0, i16:0 and br17:0 showed higher values than in untreated soils. 相似文献
2.
Gabriel?Ramos-FernándezEmail author José?L.?Mateos Octavio?Miramontes Germinal?Cocho Hernán?Larralde Bárbara?Ayala-Orozco 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,55(3):223-230
Scale invariant patterns have been found in different biological systems, in many cases resembling what physicists have found in other, nonbiological systems. Here we describe the foraging patterns of free-ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) in the forest of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico and find that these patterns closely resemble what physicists know as Lévy walks. First, the length of a trajectorys constituent steps, or continuous moves in the same direction, is best described by a power-law distribution in which the frequency of ever larger steps decreases as a negative power function of their length. The rate of this decrease is very close to that predicted by a previous analytical Lévy walk model to be an optimal strategy to search for scarce resources distributed at random. Second, the frequency distribution of the duration of stops or waiting times also approximates to a power-law function. Finally, the mean square displacement during the monkeys first foraging trip increases more rapidly than would be expected from a random walk with constant step length, but within the range predicted for Lévy walks. In view of these results, we analyze the different exponents characterizing the trajectories described by females and males, and by monkeys on their own and when part of a subgroup. We discuss the origin of these patterns and their implications for the foraging ecology of spider monkeys.Communicated by D. Watts 相似文献
3.
José L. Mateos Paloma Fernández Del Pino Francisco J. Gutiérrez Mañero María Ruiz Palomino Juan J. Colon José A. Lucas García 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(2):125-152
Microbial communities (phospholipid fatty acid pattern, bacterial growing strategies, eco-physiological index (EPI) and total bacteria counts, as a number of heterotrophic cuhurable bacteria), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and nitrogen mineralization were studied in three Mediterranean soils at three different depth levels (A, B and C). Soils were experimentally treated with a final concentration of 1000 ppm of trace metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr3+ and Cd2+). Soils were stored in 571 plastic containers for one year, and watered with 1001 during this period. Leachate was recovered through a bottom tap. Samples of the three depths were studied. Soil microbial communities showed different effects to other studies presented in the literature, but carried out on non-Mediterranean soils. Dramatic differences were found between treated soils and untreated ones, but not between soils or horizons. the treated soil displayed a decrease in CFUs, SIR N-mineralization and EPI together with a dominance of r-growing strategists. the relative moles percent of several PLFAs, especially 15:0, 16: 1ω7, cy17: 0, br18:0 and 18: 1ω7 decreased because of the pollution of soils, whereas 10Me16, 18:2ω6, cy19:0, i16:0 and br17:0 showed higher values than in untreated soils. 相似文献
4.
Mateos S Daza P Domínguez I Cárdenas JA Cortés F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(3):590-593
A field study was carried out in the south of the Iberian Peninsula in an industrial area in the neighbourhood of Huelva city, SW Spain, and in a natural area (Do?ana National Park) for comparison, to estimate the genetic risk induced by environmental pollution in wild mice. Genotoxic effects in a sentinel organism, the Algerian mice (Mus spretus) free living in the industrial area were compared with animals of the same species living in the natural protected area. The single cell gel electrophoresis, or Comet assay, was performed as a genotoxicity test in peripheral blood of mice. Our results clearly show that mice free living in the contaminated area bear a high burden of genetic damage as compared with control individuals. The results suggest that the assessing of genotoxicity levels by the Comet assay in wild mice can be used as a valuable test in pollution monitoring and environmental conservation. 相似文献
5.
Andreas C. Bryhn Antonio Jiménez Alfonso Mateos Sixto Ríos-Insua 《Journal of environmental management》2009
A multi-attribute analysis by means of the general multi-attribute analysis (GMAA) decision support system was performed in order to rank different strategies for good water quality with respect to trophic state, and good conditions for waterfowl, in the lagoon Ringkøbing Fjord, Denmark. The remedial strategies included nutrient abatement and the construction of facilities to increase the water exchange between the lagoon and the sea. The analysis showed that it is essential to keep the mean annual salinity level constant, since a drastic change in salinity may cause massive destruction of the macrophyte belt with large effects on the water quality and waterfowl abundance. It may be cost-effective to build and maintain a saltwater pumping station or a second sluice to increase the seawater inflow. Further nutrient abatement may not be cost-effective, at least not on time-scales shorter than 20 years, but the utility from nutrient abatement increases if a second sluice is built additionally. However, all of the remedial strategies, except decreasing the salinity, were projected to cause rather small changes in the effect variables compared to the no action alternative. 相似文献
6.
Fire is one of the commonest disturbances worldwide, transforming habitat structure and affecting ecosystem functioning. Understanding
how species respond to such environmental disturbances is a major conservation goal that should be monitored using functionally
and taxonomically diverse groups such as Hymenoptera. In this respect, we have analyzed the taxonomic and functional response
to fire and post-fire management of a Hymenoptera community from a Mediterranean protected area. Thus, Hymenoptera were sampled
at fifteen sites located in three burnt areas submitted to different post-fire practices, as well as at five sites located
in peripheral unburnt pine forest. A total of 4882 specimens belonging to 33 families, which were classified into six feeding
groups according to their dietary preferences, were collected. ANOVA and Redundancy Analyses showed a taxonomic and functional
response to fire as all burnt areas had more Hymenoptera families, different community composition and higher numbers of parasitoids
than the unburnt area. Taxonomic differences were also found between burnt areas in terms of the response of Hymenoptera to
post-fire management. In general the number of parasitoids was positively correlated to the number of potential host arthropods.
Parasitoids are recognized to be sensitive to habitat changes, thus highlighting their value for monitoring the functional
responses of organisms to habitat disturbance. The taxonomic and functional responses of Hymenoptera suggest that some pine-forest
fires can enhance habitat heterogeneity and arthropod diversity, hence increasing interspecific interactions such as those
established by parasitoids and their hosts. 相似文献
7.
Long-distance migration is a major part of the life cycle of many seabirds. The main processes driving local movements within
those long-distance migratory movements are essentially unknown. Here, we studied detailed patterns of the movements with
respect to distance from land of the most abundant seabird species migrating across the northernmost part of the Strait of
Gibraltar and analysed how ocean surface winds influence those patterns. We did this by using visual and S-band radar surveys.
Our results show that seabirds followed lines of travel that were located nearer the coast than randomly expected. Re-sampling
techniques and comparison with additional data from ship-based counts corroborated this pattern, which was not substantially
affected by the decrease in detection at distances of up to 3,000 m. Wind direction and speed covaried with local patterns
of flight trajectories in a general manner. All the seabirds responded to headwinds by approaching the coast in proportion
to the magnitude of wind intensity. Such a change in flight patterns could be a strategy to reduce the effect of headwinds,
by approaching the coast where wind intensity was reduced by orographic factors. Under tailwind conditions, seabirds tended
to fly further from the coast, profiting from increasing winds further from shore. Our results imply that modification of
off-shore distance in relation to conditions of ocean surface winds may be an energetically advantageous strategy for migrating
seabirds. Off-shore distances were also dependent on global and local migratory behaviour of different species, but not on
flight type. 相似文献
8.
Sotelo JL Rodríguez AR Mateos MM Hernández SD Torrellas SA Rodríguez JG 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(7):640-652
Adsorption has been used to study the removal of atenolol, caffeine, diclofenac and isoproturon, pharmaceutical compounds as emerging contaminants and an endocrine disruptor from ultrapure water and a municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent with three carbonaceous materials: activated carbon, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. The adsorption capacities were studied in the temperature range of 25-65°C and pH range from 3 to 9. Several model isotherms were used to model the adsorption equilibrium data. Also, the competitive adsorption was evaluated. 相似文献
9.
Biologists, chemists, and physicists are collaborating to develop highly sensitive and specific biosensors for pathogen detection in the food, healthcare, and environmental sectors. Those novel biosensors allow quick detection and are thus expected to solve the issues of the emergence of highly virulent or antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This article reviews different types of biosensors used for pathogen detection, classified based on the type of transducer used. Optical biosensors integrate labeled means, e.g., fluorophores, quantum dots, and carbon dots to overcome photobleaching. Surface plasmon resonance is also used for enhanced sensitivity. Mechanical biosensors with piezoelectric crystals and cantilevers are adapted for the detection of food pathogens without sample preparation or labels. Conventional methods using electrodes for the measurement of electrochemical changes with differential pulse voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy are fast and highly sensitive. Immunosensors are developed for pathogen detection at trace levels using sample enrichment, signal amplification, and new visual detection techniques. 相似文献
10.
我国环境监测体制改革探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文分析了目前我国环境监测工作中普遍存在的体制不顺、职责不明、行政干预、重复监测、资源浪费、信息混乱等问题,提出监测机构垂直管理,调整监测职能,打破条块分割,整合社会监测资源,引入第三方检测的具体构想。 相似文献