抓源头治理是落实“两控区”2000年初期目标的优先选择

针对我国煤中硫分赋存状况,抓源头治理,分别对高硫煤,中硫煤和低硫煤采取不同对策,切实有效地实现“两控区”２０００年的初期目标。     

利用微型后生动物进行污泥原位减量的试验研究

在A/A/O普通活性污泥工艺中引入非寡毛类微型后生动物考察其生长条件和对剩余污泥的减量效果及对系统处理效果的影响。结果表明,当进水负荷小于0.5 mg(/mg MLSS·d)时,非寡毛类微型后生动物可大量生长;当内回流比升高、外回流比降低时,更有利于虫体的繁殖。经过适时的运行工艺调整可使生化系统虫体密度和稳定性提高,污泥减量效果可达到40%以上。非寡毛类后生动物的活动与摄食作用提高了系统污泥的沉降性能,并对系统出水COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、SS没有影响。。     

上海中心城区二氧化氮在线测量比对研究

对比了基于腔衰减相移光谱技术(CAPS)、化学荧光法(CL)和非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱技术(IBBCEAS)3种不同方法在线测量NO_2浓度的仪器,并于2017年5月10日—6月10日采用3台仪器对上海中心城区大气环境NO_2进行监测,验证了IBBCEAS实验装置的稳定性、灵敏度、检测下限等关键特性,证明可以实现复杂环境下大气痕量气体高精度在线监测.IBBCEAS装置与其它两种仪器监测数据的一致性较好,监测过程中上海市中心NO_2日浓度变化范围为3~63 ppbv.各仪器测量结果之间的线性关系图表明,3种方式对NO_2浓度监测较为准确,偏差普遍在10 ppbv.根据早晚高峰车流量增加情况分析可以看出,NO_2高浓度污染主要来自于车辆排放.另外发现,受局地污染源的影响,NO_2浓度随时间推移而增加.     

A mini-microbial fuel cell for voltage testing of exoelectrogenic bacteria

Current methods for testing the electricity generation capacity of isolates are time- and labor-consuming. This paper presents a rapid voltage testing system of exoelectrogenic bacteria called Quickscreen, which is based on a microliter microbial fuel cell (MFC). Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella baltica were used as the model exoelectrogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli that cannot generate electricity was used as a negative control. It was found that the electricity generation capacity of the isolates could be determined within about five hours by using Quickscreen, and that its time was relatively rapid compared with the time needed by using larger MFCs. A parallel, stable, and low background voltage was achieved using titanium as a current collector in the blank run. The external resistance had little impact on the blank run during the initial period. The cathode with a five-hole configuration, used to hydrate the carbon cathode, gave higher cathode potential than that with a one-hole configuration. Steady discharge and current interrupt methods showed that the anode mostly contributed to the large internal resistance of the Quickscreen system. However, the addition of graphite felt decreased the resistance from 18 to 5 kΩ. This device was proved to be useful to rapidly evaluate the electricity generation capacity of different bacteria.     

Nutrient-impregnated charcoal: an environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer

The widespread contamination of surface and ground water quality from the heavy use of fertilizer in modern agriculture is the current concern. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop a slow-release fertilizer using charcoal. The morphology of the charcoal impregnated fertilizer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study also evaluated the release patterns of N, P, and K from impregnated charcoal using a simulated soil solution and distilled water as leaching solutions. The patterns of N, P, and K releases were examined in both static and continuous-flow conditions for 360 h. Releases of N, P, and K from impregnated charcoal were found to be slow and steady. However, the release trends of N, P, and K were higher in soil solution than distilled water under both the above conditions. Dissolution occurred when N, P, and K were released in the above leached solutions. As a result, the fertilizer impregnated charcoal could be developed as slow-release type fertilizer to minimize the contamination.     

近场地震作用下库区深水钢筋混凝土高墩地震易损性分析∗

为研究近场地震作用下库区深水钢筋混凝土高墩的概率损伤特性,以90 m高的矩形空心薄壁钢筋混凝土深水高墩为研究对象,综合考虑桥墩设计参数和近场地震动的随机性,基于OpenSees软件建立深水高墩有限元模型,开展不同水深的7种工况(水深:0、15、30、45、60、75、90 m)下,顺桥向和横桥向近场地震激励的增量动力非线性分析。以截面临界曲率值为损伤指标,研究深水高墩的易损性。结果表明:各工况下,轻微损伤、中等损伤和严重损伤阶段的损伤概率均随地震波峰值加速度的增加而增大,并且当峰值加速度达到1.0g时损伤概率达到最大,而完全损伤阶段的损伤概率则在峰值加速度为0.5g时出现峰值点;近场地震顺桥向激励时,墩身中上部和墩底区域均较容易损伤,而横桥向激励时仅墩底区域较容易损伤;当水深超过45 m后,高墩最大损伤概率变化不大且截面曲率概率需求基本一致,45 m水深为深水高墩显著水深。因此,应重点分析水深达到高墩高度一半时深水高墩的损伤情况。     

混合型污水处理厂原位生物强化脱氮中试及微生物群落结构分析研究

针对混合型污水处理厂进水水质波动大、C/N低、总氮稳定达标困难等共性问题,开发出适宜于低C/N、贫营养等苛刻环境条件的高效脱氮菌剂.现场中试结果表明:经过脱氮菌强化后,生化系统脱氮效率提升8.5百分点,出水平均总氮较强化前下降3 mg/L,出水水质稳定性明显提升,生物强化效果显著.在不补加碳源条件下,深度处理出水总氮完...     

环境质量评价的主成分因子分析的可视化方法

环境质量评价的主成分因子分析涉及十分复杂的矩阵运算和评价成果图绘制,用Excel加Visual Basic强有力的界面设计功能和MATLAB的强大的计算和图形处理功能,通过在MATLAB中提供的一个Excel Link插件,可以直接在Excel环境下实现环境质量评价中复杂的数据处理和图表的制作功能.     

油指纹多元统计分析在鉴别地表水石油类污染来源中的应用研究

采用油指纹多元统计方法,对嘉兴市杭州塘和长山河水系沿岸加油站9个不同来源的轻质柴油进行了分类鉴别,并考察了风化的影响.结果表明:仅基于GC-MS谱图,很难对不同轻质柴油的来源进行鉴别;但基于GC-MS谱图,提取正构烷烃及多环芳烃特征比值,进一步采用多元统计方法,可以对不同来源的轻质柴油进行区分.考虑实际水环境中油污染物会风化,向河水中投入两种轻质柴油,考察了不同初始浓度和不同风化时间下的油指纹变化,发现油污染物初始浓度为0.5 mg·L~(-1)时,所有特征比值在风化过程中均极不稳定,无法用于分类鉴别;油污染物初始浓度达到1.0 mg·L~(-1)及以上时,特征比值C_(17)/Pr、C_(18)/Ph在风化5 d内可用作油指纹的鉴别指标,5 d后无法用于鉴别;特征比值Pr/Ph、(C_(19)+C_(20))/(C_(21)+C_(22))、CPI受风化时间影响小,始终可以作为油指纹鉴别的特征指标.     

袋式除尘技术在集中供热锅炉烟气净化中的应用

分析了我国北方大中城市集中供热锅炉烟气净化的现状和存在问题,提出袋式除尘器新型结构并进行了超长滤袋脉冲清灰试验和高温过滤材料优选,建立了示范工程,为集中供热锅炉、工业锅炉烟气高效净化提供了集成技术、设备和成功案例。