Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide, a waste material from the fertilizer industry, has been used for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution, over a range of initial metal ion concentrations (5-30 mg litre(-1)), agitation times (1-180 min), adsorbent dosages (100-1200 mg per 50 ml), temperatures (24, 29 and 38 degrees C) and pH values (4.5-10). The adsorption of Cr(VI) increased with the initial concentration of Cr(VI) and with temperature. The process of uptake follows both the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. The applicability of Lagergren and empirical kinetic models has also been investigated. Almost quantitative removal of Cr(VI) at 10 mg litre(-1) in a 50-ml solution by 500 mg of adsorbent was found at an equilibrium pH of 5.6. The efficiency of chromium removal was also tested using wastewater from the chromium plating industry. 相似文献
The formation of ultrafine particles, their growth, and associated characteristic features has been studied during new particle formation events over a high-altitude station of the Western Ghats during the 2014 post-monsoon season. Most of the events were observed during noon time where particle bursts in the nucleation-mode size range from 5 to 25 nm followed by sustained growth in size. This phenomenon persists for ~4–8 h with a growth rate of 1–2 nm h–1. Peak concentrations of nucleation-mode particles during the event generally vary from 2300 to 5000 cm–3. The mean growth rate is 1.4 ± 0.42 nm h–1, particle formation rate is 1.14 ± 0.22 cm–3 s–1, coagulation sink is 0.35 ± 0.22 cm–3 s–1, and condensational sink is 15.4 ± 2.6?×?10–3 s–1. All these values are comparable with earlier results from Indian region. Comparison of size-segregated particle number concentration during days of new particle formation events and those without new particle formation were carried out showing a distinct variation in nucleation and Aitken mode with least variability associated with the accumulation mode. 相似文献
The present study was carried out to isolate bacteria capable of producing biosurfactant that solublize endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro- 6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide) and for enhanced degradation of endosulfan and its major metabolite endosulfate. The significance of the study is to enhance the bioavailability of soil-bound endosulfan residues as its degradation is limited due to its low solubility. A mixed bacterial culture capable of degrading endosulfan was enriched from pesticide-contaminated soil and was able to degrade about 80% of α-endosulfan and 75% of β-endosulfan in five days. Bacterial isolates were screened for biosurfactant production and endosulfan degradation. Among the isolates screened, four strains produced biosurfactant on endosulfan. ES-47 showed better emulsification of endosulfan and degraded 99% of endosulfan and 94% of endosulfate formed during endosulfan degradation. The strain reduced the surface tension up to 37 dynes/cm. The study reveals that the strain was capable of degrading endosulfan and endosulfate with simultaneous biosurfactant production. 相似文献
A batch adsorption process was applied to investigate the removal of perchlorate (ClO4?) from water by graphene. In doing so, the thermodynamic adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies were also carried out. Graphene was prepared by a facile liquid-phase exfoliation. Graphene was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and zeta potential measurements. A systematic study of the adsorption process was performed by varying pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The adsorption efficiency of graphene was 99.2 %, suggesting that graphene is an excellent adsorbent for ClO4? removal from water. The rate constants for all these kinetic models were calculated, and the results indicate that second-order kinetics model was well suitable to model the kinetic adsorption of ClO4?. Equilibrium data were well described by the typical Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The experimental results showed that graphene is an excellent perchlorate adsorbent with an adsorbent capacity of up to 0.024 mg/g at initial perchlorate concentration of 2 mg/L and temperature of 298 K. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Graphene removed the perchlorate present in the water and reduced it to a permissible level making it drinkable. 相似文献
Objective: India has been slow in implementing a central emergency medical services (EMS) system across the country. “108 services” is one of the most popular services that is functional under the public–private partnership model. Limited available literature shows that despite access to services, many traffic crash victims are transported using private vehicles. The objective of this study is to understand the effectiveness of 108 services from a traffic safety perspective.
Method: A questionnaire survey is conducted to understand the awareness of EMS and their function. Using traffic-related fatalities as the dependent variable, a fixed effect panel data model is developed to analyze the effectiveness of the 108 services in improving the traffic safety.
Results: The results from the survey show that, in general, people are not aware of the 108 services. A majority of the population prefers taking victims to the hospital using their personal vehicles or any other vehicles available compared to calling an ambulance. Results from panel data analysis show that despite having an efficient system, these services failed to make significant improvement in the safety of road users in the states in which their services were subscribed.
Discussion: The lack of awareness of an important safety service is alarming. This could be a major reason for lower utilization of 108 services for transporting victims of traffic crashes. This article shows the importance of having efficient awareness campaigns to improve the efficiency of any similar programs that are aimed to enhance the safety of a region. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The construction industry is experiencing an increasing demand for sustainable alternative materials. There is huge scope for converting the... 相似文献
Removal of selenite [Se (IV)] from aqueous solution on to industrial solid ‘waste’ Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide as adsorbent was investigated in the present article. Maximum adsorption was found to be at pH 4.0. Pretreated Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide was found to be more efficient for the removal of selenite compared to untreated adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have been studied. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q0) of the pretreated and untreated adsorbents was found to be 15.63 and 6.04?mg?g?1, respectively. The adsorption process fit into the second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in the temperature range 32 to 60°C. Coexisting anions vanadate and phosphate significantly affect the adsorption of selenite for both the pretreated and untreated adsorbents. Molybdate, thiocyanate, sulphate, nitrate and chloride do not significantly affect the removal of selenite for pretreated adsorbent. 相似文献