Pesticide-induced toxicity is a serious issue which has resulted in plethora of diseases all over the world. The organophosphate pesticide malathion has caused many incidents of poisoning such as cardiac manifestations. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Syzygium cumini on malathion-induced cardiotoxicity. Dose optimization of malathion and polyphenols such as curcumin, (?)-epicatechin, gallic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, etc. was done by MTT cell proliferation assay. Nuclear deformities, ROS production, and integrity of extra cellular matrix components were analyzed by different techniques. S. cumini methanolic pulp extract (MPE), a naturally derived gallic acid-enriched antioxidant was taken to study its effect on malathion-induced toxicity. Nuclear deformities, ROS production, and integrity of extra cellular matrix components were also analyzed. Twenty micrograms per milliliter LD50 dose of malathion was found to cause stress-mediated responses in H9C2 cell line. Among all the polyphenols, gallic acid showed the most significant protection against stress. Gallic acid-enriched methanolic S. cumini pulp extract (MPE) showed 59.76 %?±?0.05, 81.61 %?±?1.37, 73.33 %?±?1.33, 77.19 %?±?2.38 and 64.19 %?±?1.43 maximum inhibition for DPPH, ABTS, NO, H2O2 and superoxide ion, respectively, as compared to ethanolic pulp extract and aqueous pulp extract. Our study suggests that S. cumini MPE has the ability to protect against the malathion-mediated oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes. 相似文献
The Science of Nature - Archosaurs diversified and became dominant during the Mesozoic Era, but their earliest relatives (non-archosaurian archosauromorphs) were already scarcely present in the... 相似文献
The main focus of the paper is to assess the land use/ land cover (LULC) change in northern Chhattisgarh due to industrialization using remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The impact was assessed using an information extraction method applied to temporal satellite data (LANDSAT and IRS scenes) in GIS domain. For assessing the impact on natural resources, the classification scheme was restricted to (1) Forest patches ((a) completely cleared, (b) partially cleared, (c) least affected), (2) Non-Forest ((d) completely changed, (e) least changed), (3) Industrial/Mining area, and (4) River. Over the three decades 22.22% of forests have been completely cleared and converted to industrial setup. Another 25% is completely cleared and 10% is degraded. Around 4% of agricultural area is totally affected due to industrial activity. Random assessment of plant distribution (Trees, Shrubs and Herbs) indicates significant changes in the herb distribution directly related to distance gradient form the industrial/mining setup. Visual recording, socio-economic survey and satellite data also helped in delineation of extent of environmental pollution in forest and non-forest areas. The paper presents methodology for the environmental impact assessment. 相似文献
Diffuse phosphorus (P) export from agricultural land to surface waters is a significant environmental problem. It is critical to determine the natural background P losses from diffuse sources, but their identification and quantification is difficult. In this study, three headwater catchments with differing land use (arable, pasture and forest) were monitored for 3 years to quantify exports of dissolved (<0.45 µm) reactive P and total dissolved P. Mean total P exports from the arable catchment ranged between 0.08 and 0.28 kg ha?1 year?1. Compared with the reference condition (forest), arable land and pasture exported up to 11-fold more dissolved P. The contribution of dissolved (<0.45 µm) unreactive P was low to negligible in every catchment. Agricultural practices can exert large pressures on surface waters that are controlled by hydrological factors. Adapting policy to cope with these factors is needed for lowering these pressures in the future. 相似文献
The present study aims to assess the level and possible sources of organic and inorganic pollutants in Mahableshwar city in Western part of India and their effect on naturally growing foliose lichen Remototrachyana awasthii (Hale & Patw.) Divakar & A. Crespo. This lichen species growing abundantly in the area was collected from eight different sites on the basis of anthropogenic activities detected in the area. The concentration of inorganic heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed and correlated with photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid) together with chlorophyll degradation and protein contents. The concentration of most of the metals at different sites was significantly greater than at the control site (P?<?0.001). The highest metal content was found at Bus Stand and Panchgani, a tourist place that experiences heavy traffic activities. The concentration of PAHs, particularly of two-and three-ringed PAHs, was also found to be the highest in samples collected at Bus Stand area. The chlorophyll degradation and protein content were found to be the most sensitive parameters to assess the vitality of lichen thallus against wide range of air pollutants. The effectiveness of R. awasthii as a biomonitor will be investigated in the near future by comparing this species with other biomonitors. 相似文献
??-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), ??-HCH, and lindane (??-HCH) were listed as persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and hence must be phased out and their wastes/stockpiles eliminated. At the last operating lindane manufacturing unit, we conducted a preliminary evaluation of HCH contamination levels in soil and water samples collected around the production area and the vicinity of a major dumpsite to inform the design of processes for an appropriate implementation of the Convention.
Methods
Soil and water samples on and around the production site and a major waste dumpsite were measured for HCH levels.
Results
All soil samples taken at the lindane production facility and dumpsite and in their vicinity were contaminated with an isomer pattern characteristic of HCH production waste. At the dumpsite surface samples contained up to 450?g?kg?1 ?? HCH suggesting that the waste HCH isomers were simply dumped at this location. Ground water in the vicinity and river water was found to be contaminated with 0.2 to 0.4?mg?l?1 of HCH waste isomers. The total quantity of deposited HCH wastes from the lindane production unit was estimated at between 36,000 and 54,000?t.
Conclusions
The contamination levels in ground and river water suggest significant run-off from the dumped HCH wastes and contamination of drinking water resources. The extent of dumping urgently needs to be assessed regarding the risks to human and ecosystem health. A plan for securing the waste isomers needs to be developed and implemented together with a plan for their final elimination. As part of the assessment, any polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) generated during HCH recycling operations need to be monitored. 相似文献
This paper addresses the phenotypic variation among Ricinus communis L. populations in four urban habitat types (road verges, garbage dumps, construction debris, and natural area) in Delhi, India, by evaluating important traits such as plant height, basal circumference, seeds per plant, seed size, seed weight, specific leaf area, and reproductive index. An important biochemical marker, proline, considered as a good plant performance indicator under stress was also quantified in leaves of R. communis to evaluate its response in different habitats. Interestingly, the species showed significant variation in plant height, specific leaf area, seed size, seed weight, and leaf proline content in different habitat types. Leaf proline content was positively related to plant height, specific leaf area, and seed size while negatively related to the total number of seeds/plant. Interestingly, reproductive index, calculated as a ratio of the total number of seeds to the plant height also showed a negative relation with leaf proline content. Results indicated that R. communis exhibits adaptive modulation of growth, reproductive traits, and leaf proline content in various urban habitats which contributes to invasiveness, range expansion, and establishment of the species. The study also gives evidence of how morphological and physiological traits could directly affect invasiveness of R. communis. 相似文献
The present study investigated the fate and transport of two significant anions through soil to explore their potential as groundwater contaminants. The retention properties of chloride and sulfate in soils having several significantly different characteristics (soil‐1 and soil‐2) were determined using adsorption test and adsorption‐diffusion column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 3.7 and 1.16 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, with organic matter (OM) content of 3.92% and 4.69%, respectively. The sulfate adsorption obtained was 24.09% and 13.83%, respectively, in the two soils. The anions exhibited monolayer adsorption in the soils with replacement of hydroxyl ions from soils as the major mechanism of adsorption. On the other hand, the adsorption capacities obtained from the adsorption‐diffusion column experiment were about 100 times lower compared to that of the column tests of both of the soils. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 0.03 mg/g and 0.01 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, whereas that of sulfate was 0.04 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g. The empirical relation for depth of penetration (d) from a known spillage onto the soil surface was determined as a function of sorption capacity (S) and initial anion concentration (C) as d = 0.0073e(?57S)C and d = 0.0038e(?35S)C for chloride and sulfate, respectively. 相似文献
Climate change issues are calling for advanced methods to produce materials and fuels in a carbon–neutral and circular way. For instance, biomass pyrolysis has been intensely investigated during the last years. Here we review the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass with focus on pyrolysis products and mechanisms, oil upgrading, combining pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion, economy, and life cycle assessment. Products include oil, gas, and biochar. Upgrading techniques comprise hot vapor filtration, solvent addition, emulsification, esterification and transesterification, hydrotreatment, steam reforming, and the use of supercritical fluids. We examined the economic viability in terms of profitability, internal rate of return, return on investment, carbon removal service, product pricing, and net present value. We also reviewed 20 recent studies of life cycle assessment. We found that the pyrolysis method highly influenced product yield, ranging from 9.07 to 40.59% for oil, from 10.1 to 41.25% for biochar, and from 11.93 to 28.16% for syngas. Feedstock type, pyrolytic temperature, heating rate, and reaction retention time were the main factors controlling the distribution of pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis mechanisms include bond breaking, cracking, polymerization and re-polymerization, and fragmentation. Biochar from residual forestry could sequester 2.74 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton biochar when applied to the soil and has thus the potential to remove 0.2–2.75 gigatons of atmospheric carbon dioxide annually. The generation of biochar and bio-oil from the pyrolysis process is estimated to be economically feasible.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Paddy field farming remains the dominant form of growing rice in modern times as the rice is the staple food for over half the world’s... 相似文献