排序方式: 共有10条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1
1.
Obiri S Dodoo DK Okai-Sam F Essumang DK Adjorlolo-Gasokpoh A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,118(1-3):37-49
Food crops such as cassava, cocoyam and other tuber crops grown in mining communities uptake toxic or hazardous chemicals
such as arsenic, and cadmium, from the soil. Cassava is a stable food for Ghanaians. This study evaluated human health risk
from eating cassava grown in some mining communities in Ghana such as Bogoso, Prestea, Tarkwa and Tamso, which are important
mining towns in the Western Region of Ghana. The study evaluated cancer and non-cancer health effects from eating cassava
grown in the study areas in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency’s Risk Assessment guidelines. The results of
the study revealed the following: cancer health risk for Tamso, 0.098 (RME – Reasonable Maximum Exposure) and 0.082 (CTE –
Central Tendency Exposure). This means that approximately 10 and 8 out of 100 resident adults are likely to suffer from cancer
related cases by RME and CTE parameters respectively. For Prestea, we have 0.010 and 0.12, which also means that approximately
1 out of 100 and 10 resident adults out of 100 are also likely to suffer from cancer related diseases by RME and CTE parameters.
The results of the study obtained were found to be above the acceptable cancer risk range of 1× 10−6 to 1× 10−4, i.e., 1 case of cancer out of 1 million or 100,000 people respectively. 相似文献
2.
Forest degradation in West Africa is generally thought to have negative consequences on rural livelihoods but there is little overview of its effects in the region because the importance of forests to rural livelihoods has never been adequately quantified. Based on data from 1014 rural households across Burkina Faso and Ghana this paper attempts to fill this knowledge gap. We demonstrate that agricultural lands and the non-forest environment including parklands are considerably more valuable to poor as well as more well-off rural households than forests. Furthermore, product types supplied by the non-forest environment are almost identical with those from forests. Accordingly, forest clearance/degradation is profitable for and, hence, probably performed by rural people at large. We attribute rural people's high reliance on non-forest versus forest resources to the two countries' restrictive and inequitable forest policies which must be reformed to promote effective forest conservation, e.g., to mitigate climate change. 相似文献
3.
Understanding the extent to which people are being exposed to environmental contaminants helps to identify those populations which may be disproportionately exposed to the contaminants of potential public health concern. This study represents the first report of a comparison of heavy metal arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), platinum (Pt), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) concentrations in the blood of residents of mining and non-mining communities in Ghana. Blood sampling, health records, and interviews were used in this study to establish the links between the levels of contaminants and health effects in humans within a mining and non-mining community in Ghana. Results of this study show that mean concentration of As in blood in Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality/Prestea-Huni Valley District (TNMA/PHVD) (mining communities) and Cape Coast Metropolis (CCMA) (non-mining community) was 18- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than the WHO guideline value of 0.002?mg?L?1. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Mn were elevated up to 20-fold higher in the blood of resident adults and children in TNMA/PHVD than in CCMA. The risk of acute respiratory infections in the exposed populations of TNMA and PHVD were approximately 41- and 12-fold greater than the unexposed group. The risk of diabetes mellitus in the exposed populations of TNMA and PHVD were also approximately 20- and 4-fold higher than the unexposed group. In TNMA and PHVD, 40 blood donors were suffering from hyperkeratosis or pigmentation unlike their CCMA counterparts. Data suggest a potential association between mining activities and the levels of these heavy metals. However, the proportion of anthropogenic contribution to the levels of these metals in the blood remains uncertain. This uncertainty seems to be the umbrella under which both government and mining companies continue to hide, leading to inaction. 相似文献
4.
Essumang DK Dodoo DK Obiri S Oduro AK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,121(1-3):399-406
Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street soil dust from streets in Kumasi Metropolis in the Ashanti Region of the Republic of Ghana have been measured in this study. The concentrations of the various types of PAHs identified in this study are as follows: Naphthalene (m/e 128) – 41,700 μg/kg, Acenaphthylene (m/e 152) – 99,300 μg/kg, Acenaphthene (m/e 154) – 111,200 μg/kg, Fluorene (m/e 166) – 8,900 μg/kg, Carbazole (m/e 167) – 3,500 μg/kg, phenathrene (m/e 178) – 12,900 μg/kg, Anthracene (m/e 178) – 5,400 μg/kg, Fluoranthene (m/e 202) – 16,200 μg/kg, Pyrene (m/e 202) – 15,000 μg/kg, Benzo[a]anthracene (m/e 228) – 13,800 μg/kg, Chrysene (m/e 228) – 33,600 μg/kg, Benzo[k]fluoranthene (m/e 252) – 45,700 μg/kg, Benzo[a]pyrene (m/e 252) – 27,900 μg/kg, Perylene (m/e 252) – 57,200 μg/kg and Benzo[g, h, i]perylene (m/e 276) – 47,000 μg/kg. The results of the study shows that road users, like resident living in buildings within these areas, those engaged in commercial activities like hawking, and the general public are at risk of exposure to the toxic effects of the various types of PAHs from the exhaust of vehicles into the environment. According to these results, there is the potential for exposure to high levels of PAHs for road users and those living in urban environments or along highways. 相似文献
5.
6.
Obiri S Cobbina SJ Armah FA Naangmenyele Z 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(7):1166-1173
Objective
Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust in the Tamale metropolis, Ghana, have been measured in this study.Results
The concentrations of the various types of PAHs identified in street dust samples from high vehicular traffic density in the metropolis are as follows: naphthalene, 10,000 μg/kg; acenaphthylene, 13,000 μg/kg; acenaphthene, 76,000 μg/kg; fluorene, 18,900 μg/kg; phenanthrene, 40,000 μg/kg; anthracene, 21,000 μg/kg; fluoranthene, 35,200 μg/kg; pyrene, 119,000 μg/kg; benzo[a]anthracene, 17,700 μg/kg; chrysene, 10,600 μg/kg; benzo[k]fluoranthene, 18,700 μg/kg; benzo[a]pyrene, 10,900 μg/kg and benzo[g, h, i]perylene, 21,000 μg/kg. Calculation of the phenanthrene/anthracene ratio indicated that the PAHs identified in this study were from vehicular fallout as the ratio was less than 10.Conclusion
It is clear from the results of the study that road users in the Tamale metropolis, especially hawkers, are exposed to the harmful effects of PAHs, and this suggests the need for the establishment of mitigation measures by the regulatory agencies.7.
Obiri S Dodoo DK Okai-Sam F Essumang DK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,118(1-3):51-63
Cyanide is a very toxic chemical that is used to extract gold from its ores. Wastewaters from gold mining companies such as
Bogoso Gold Limited (BGL) contain cyanide and other potentially toxic chemicals that have adverse effects on human beings
and aquatic organisms. This study was conducted to evaluate the human health risk assessment from exposure to free cyanide
via oral and dermal contact of surface/underground water by resident adults within the concession of Bogoso Gold Limited.
The chronic non-cancer health risk from exposure to cyanide in River Bogo Upstream is 230 and 43 (by Central Tendency Exposure
(CTE) parameters respectively). This means that approximately 230 and 43 resident adults are likely to suffer diseases related
to cyanide intoxication via oral and dermal contact respectively. For chronic exposure to River Bogo Downstream by resident
adults, the non-cancer health risks are: 0.031 and 0.57 via oral and dermal contact for CTE parameters respectively, which
also means that, the non-cancer health risks associated with cyanide intoxication is negligible as the hazard index is less
than 1.0 via oral and dermal contacts respectively. The results showed that health risk for acute exposure to cyanide by the
resident adults is very high. Hence the residents attribute most of the unexplained deaths in the communities to accidental
ingestion and dermal contact of cyanide water. 相似文献
8.
Obiri S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):455-463
Concentrations of heavy metals in the borehole at Dumasi in the Wassa West District of the Republic of Ghana have been measured
in this study. The concentrations of the following metals in the ground water from Dumasi borehole are: Iron (Fe) – 7.52 ppm,
Manganese (Mn) – 1.11 ppm, Arsenic (As) – 4.52 ppm, Chromium (Cr) – 0.026 ppm, Cobalt (Co) – 0.01 ppm, Zinc (Zn) – 0.007 ppm,
Cadmium (Cd) – 0.002 ppm and Lead (Pb) – 0.005 ppm. The results of the study show that resident adults and children who use
water from the boreholes are at serious risk from exposure to health hazards associated with exposure to the above metals
in the boreholes in Dumasi. If the results of this study are applied to other mining communities, which lie on the Birimian
and Tarkwaian rock system, then the residents are at serious risk from exposure to toxic metals from drinking water from the
boreholes dug for them by mining companies operating in their communities. 相似文献
9.
Frederick A. Armah Justice O. Odoi Genesis T. Yengoh Samuel Obiri David O. Yawson Ernest K. A. Afrifa 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(3):291-306
Desertification, climate variability and food security are closely linked through drought, land cover changes, and climate
and biological feedbacks. In Ghana, only few studies have documented these linkages. To establish this link the study provides
historical and predicted climatic changes for two drought sensitive agro-ecological zones in Ghana and further determines
how these changes have influenced crop production within the two zones. This objective was attained via Markov chain and Fuzzy
modelling. Results from the Markov chain model point to the fact that the Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone has experienced
delayed rains from 1960 to 2008 while the Sudan savanna agro-ecological zone had slightly earlier rains for the same period.
Results of Fuzzy Modelling indicate that very suitable and moderately suitable croplands for millet and sorghum production
are evenly distributed within the two agro-ecological zones. For Ghana to adapt to climate change and thereby achieve food
security, it is important to pursue strategies such as expansion of irrigated agricultural areas, improvement of crop water
productivity in rain-fed agriculture, crop improvement and specialisation, and improvement in indigenous technology. It is
also important to encourage farmers in the Sudan and Guinea Savanna zones to focus on the production of cereals and legumes
(e.g. sorghum, millet and soybeans) as the edaphic and climatic factors favour these crops and will give the farmers a competitive
advantage. It may be necessary to consider the development of the study area as the main production and supply source of selected
cereals and legumes for the entire country in order to free lands in other regions for the production of crops highly suitable
for those regions on the basis of their edaphic and climatic conditions. 相似文献
10.
Sarfo Isaac Shuoben Bi Beibei Li Amankwah Solomon Obiri Yeboah Yeboah Emmanuel Koku John Ernest Nunoo Edward Kweku Kwang Clement 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(8):9851-9883
Environment, Development and Sustainability - This study assesses the spatiotemporal development of land use systems and climate variability in Southwestern Ghana over the past five decades using... 相似文献
1