柯树背岩体铀金成矿远景分析

本文在研究柯树背岩体矿物岩石学特征基础上 ,通过对该岩体的铀金成矿元素丰度、铀金矿化类型、铀金矿石物质成分及成矿阶段的划分、矿脉的铀金含量及其相关关系、围岩蚀变及原生晕特点、铀金矿化控制因素的详细研究 ,从岩体的放射性地质地球化学特点、岩体蚀变及剥蚀强度、岩石化学及稀土元素地球化学、矿脉向深部的变化趋势等几个方面分析了该岩体的铀金成矿远景及今后找矿工作的意见 ,指出该岩体西体南部断续出现的柯树背—隘高断裂上盘 1km范围与下寮—大坑里断裂夹持区为铀金成矿远景区。     

污水处理厂出水中常见抗生素光降解去除规律研究进展

残留的抗生素和新产生的抗生素代谢产物会通过不同的途径进入到环境中,污染环境,诱导产生一些耐药和变异的超级细菌,严重危害人类健康.梳理分析了污水处理厂出水中常见的抗生素种类,阐述了光降解抗生素的反应机理和影响抗生素光降解的因素,并从高效光转化材料的制备、光降解产物的精准识别和降解产物的生物毒性评估角度提出开展后续研究的建...     

Combination system of full-scale constructed wetlands and wetland paddy fields to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from rural unregulated non-point sources

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used effectively to remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from non-point sources. Effluents of some CWs were, however, still with high N and P concentrations and remained to be pollution sources. Widely distributed paddy fields can be exploited to alleviate this concern. We were the first to investigate a combination system of three-level CWs with wetland paddy fields in a full scale to remove N and P from rural unregulated non-point sources. The removal efficiencies (REs) of CWs reached 57.3 % (37.4–75.1 %) for N and 76.3 % (62.0–98.4 %) for P. The CWs retained about 1,278 kg N ha^?1 year^?1 and 121 kg P ha^?1 year^?1. There was a notable seasonal change in REs of N and P, and the REs were different in different processing components of CWs. The removal rates of wetland paddy fields adopt “zero-drainage” water management according to local rainfall forecast and physiological water demand of crop growth reached 93.2 kg N ha^?1 year^?1 and 5.4 kg P ha^?1 year^?1. The rice season had higher potential in removing N and P than that in the wheat season. The whole combined system (0.56 ha CWs and 5.5 ha wetland paddy fields) removed 1,790 kg N year^?1 and 151 kg P year^?1, which were higher than those from CWs functioned alone. However, another 4.7-ha paddy fields were needed to fully remove the N and P in the effluents of CWs. The combination of CWs and paddy fields proved to be a more efficient nutrient removal system.     

混凝-微气泡气浮法处理含藻废水的研究

采用日本菊池环保株式会社生产的新型TCRI-17微气泡气浮装置混凝气浮处理北京某富营养化景观水体的含藻废水,其结果表明,当混凝剂用量分别为PAC 40 mg/L和PAM 2 mg/L,混凝2 min, 气浮2 min时,SS和COD去除率分别达到98.4%和85.7%。与混凝沉降相比,可减少PAC用量1/3,且节省处理时间。由于微小气泡停留时间长,气浮效率高,且有增加水中溶解氧的作用,可促进水体的净化,具有较强的技术优势。     

环境大数据概念、特征及在环境管理中的应用

将大数据运用到环境管理领域是我国环境管理战略转型的重要举措.本文基于对大数据概念与特征分析,并结合环境领域的特点,阐述了环境大数据的概念、特征及在环境管理中所能发挥的作用.环境大数据即把大数据的核心理念和关键技术应用到环境领域,对海量环境数据进行采集、整合、存储、分析与应用等,具有数据规模大、种类多、处理速度快、价值密度低等特征.环境大数据的应用,对于政府、企业和公众都有重要意义.进一步对其在环境管理中的应用场景进行设想,发现其在环境规划编制、环境质量管理、污染源生命周期管理、环境应急以及公众参与等多方面都能发挥重要作用,以促使环境管理向数字化、网络化和精细化转变.最后针对环境大数据在数据处理、数据管理、数据应用现状方面存在的问题,提出了可能的解决思路.     

千岛湖地区上梧溪流域基流磷输出定量研究

基于双参数递归数字滤波 （ERDF）、LOADEST模型和遗传算法,建立一种递归滤波基流负荷分割算法 （RFLSA）,对千岛湖地区上梧溪流域的基流总磷 （TP） 负荷进行分割定量.结果表明：利用遗传算法对双参数滤波日尺度退水常数和最大基流指数 （BFI_max） 进行同步优化,可以有效提高ERDF基流分割结果的准确性和可靠性 （NSE = 0.92, RSR = 0.29, R² = 0.92）;以此为基础建立的RFLSA能够实现上梧溪流域基流TP负荷的准确定量 （NSE = 0.79, RSR = 0.46, R² = 0.95）,可以作为流域尺度上基流非点源污染定量评价的一种有效方法;2020年11月—2021年10月,上梧溪流域以基流形式输出的TP负荷量为0.167 kg·hm^-2,占总径流负荷量 （0.302 kg·hm^-2） 的比例高达55.30%.基流已经成为上梧溪流域非点源TP的主要输出途径,是该地区地表河流水体一个不容忽视的重要污染源.     

Effects of biochar-based fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen losses via leaching and ammonia volatilization from an open vegetable field

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is essential for the sustainable development of agriculture to enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crop plants by increasing yield and...     

Analysis of air quality characteristics of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounding air pollution transport channel cities in China

Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH) and its surrounding areas are very important to air pollution control in China.To analyze the characteristics of BTH and its surrounding areas of China,we collected 5,641,440 air quality data from 161 air monitoring stations and 37,123,000 continuous monitoring data from air polluting enterprises in BTH and surrounding cities to establish an indicator system for urban air quality portraits.The results showed that particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)),particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of 10 μm(PM_(10)) and SO_2 improved significantly in 31 cities from2015 to 2018,but ozone deteriorated.Air quality in BTH and the surrounding areas showed obvious seasonal characteristics,among which PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_2,and NO_2 showed a "U" type distribution from January to December,while O_3 had an "inverted U" distribution.The hourly changes in air quality revealed that peaks of PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and NO_2 appeared from 8:00 to 10:00,while those for O_3 appeared at 15:00–16:00.The exposure characteristics of the 31 cities showed that six districts in Beijing had the highest air quality population exposure,and that exposure levels in Zhengzhou,Puyang,Anyang,Jincheng were higher than the average of the 31 investigated cities.Additionally,multiple linear regression revealed a negative correlation between meteorological factors(especially wind and precipitation) and air quality,while a positive correlation existed between industrial pollution emissions and air quality in most of BTH and its surrounding cities.     

有机肥料对杉木根际土壤生化性质的影响

施用不同有机肥料对杉木幼林根际土壤生物化学性质的影响的研究结果表明，施有机肥料有如下的作用：（１）在很大程度上增加了杉木根际土壤三大类微生物数量．其中以牛栏肥和绿肥混施效果最好，施绿肥又比施牛栏肥效果好，并且施用有机肥料能提高微生物中细菌所占的比例；（２）能增加氨化细菌、硝化细菌、纤维素分解菌和芳香族化合物分解菌的数量，其中氨化细菌提高幅度最大，并以混合施用最好，纤维素分解菌则以单施绿肥最高，芳香族化合物分解菌则以施牛栏肥最高；（３）提高了土壤酶活性，过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和蛋白酶的活性为：混合施用＞施牛栏肥＞施绿肥＞不施肥；（４）不同程度地降低了杉木根际土壤多酚氧化酶的活性．     

加快优势矿产开发,建设原材料生产基地

攀西-六盘水地区矿产资源种类繁多,储量丰富,优势明显,在国内占有重要地位。本文从区内赋存的矿产资源条件和现有工业基础出发,分析了发展高耗能原材料工业的有利条件和制约因素,阐述了建设以钢铁、有色金属和磷化工为主的原材料生产基地的布局构想,并提出了加快开发利用优势矿产资源的对策建议。