纳米四氧化三铁作为助凝剂去除水中藻类

在实验室内对使用纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)和纳米γ-三氧化二铁(γ-Fe2O3)作为聚合氯化铝(PACl)的助凝剂去除水体中铜绿微囊藻的效果进行了研究.结果表明,以纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3为助凝剂,能够降低PACl的投加量,提高沉降速率,进而缩短沉降时间,且对铜绿微囊藻的去除效果明显优于单独使用PACl.在藻浓度为106个/mL的条件下,为了达到相同的除藻效果,单独使用PACl的投量要比同时投加纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3时多出1倍左右;在不加磁场条件下,要达到同样的处理效果,用纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3做助凝剂比单独投加PACl节约一半以上的时间;而在加磁场的条件下,用纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3做助凝剂甚至只需要10 min就能达到比单独投加PACl沉降60 min更高的处理效率.该方法对不同浓度级的铜绿微囊藻都有较好的去除效果,具有一定的实际应用价值.     

巯基化合物在万寿菊镉解毒中的作用

采用水培实验方法研究了万寿菊体内镉积累和解毒与巯基化合物含量的关系。万寿菊植株分别在镉浓度为0、0.1、0.5、2和8 mg/L的营养液中暴露7 d,测定了根、茎、叶中镉、非蛋白巯基(NPT)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸(γ-EC)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和植物络合素(PCs)的含量。植物根、茎、叶中镉含量都随着镉暴露浓度的增加而增加。当溶液中镉浓度较低(0.1～2 mg/L)时,茎叶中NPT、PCs、Cys和γ-EC含量随着镉浓度增加而增大;当镉浓度较高(8 mg/L)时,茎叶中PCs含量迅速降低,GSH含量大幅度增高。在根部,这些巯基化合物的含量几乎不受镉处理影响,且含量较低。以上研究结果表明:PCs在万寿菊镉的解毒机制中发挥一定的作用,暴露于高浓度的镉,GSH比PCs起着更为重要的解毒作用。     

气溶胶中正构烷烃单体化合物稳定碳同位素分布特征初步研究

不同来源的气溶胶中正构烷烃稳定碳同位素的分布特征有比较明显的区别,以低陆生植物为主的高原清洁区,其气溶胶中正构烷烃δ＾１３Ｃ较轻,随碳数的增加,δ＾１３Ｃ较平平缓的曲线,以高等植物为主的海滨清洁区,正构烷烃δ＾１３Ｃ分布亦为较平缓的英线,但δ＾１３Ｃ较前者稍重,为－２８‰－－２７‰;人为污染严重的城市区,气溶胶正构烷烃δ＾１３Ｃ为－２９‰－－２５‰,且随碳数的增加有较大的变化。     

Flotability and flotation separation of polymer materials modulated by wetting agents

The surface free energy, surface tension and contact angles were performed to investigate the properties of wetting agents. Adsorption of wetting agents changes wetting behavior of polymer resins. Flotability of polymer materials modulated by wetting agents was studied, and wetting agents change significantly flotability of polymer materials. The flotability decreases with increasing the concentration of wetting agents, and the wetting ability is lignin sulfonate (LS) > tannic acid (TA) > methylcellulose (MC) > triton X-100 (TX-100) (from strong to weak). There is significant difference in the flotability between polymer resins and plastics due to the presence of additives in the plastics. Flotation separation of two-component and multicomponent plastics was conducted based on the flotability modulated by wetting agents. The two-component mixtures can be efficiently separated using proper wetting agent through simple flotation flowsheet. The multicomponent plastic mixtures can be separated efficiently through multi-stage flotation using TA and LS as wetting agents, and the purity of separated component was above 94%, and the recovery was more than 93%.     

农村水环境保护与经济可持续发展

我国的生态环境问题 ,如水土流失、草场退化、沙漠化、盐渍化等问题 ,归根到底还是农村水环境问题。本文分析了农村水环境保护、高效利用水资源的紧迫性 ,以及影响农村生态系统可持续性的因素和保护、改善农村水环境的主要措施 ;认为加强农村水环境保护及其持续发展能力的建设是我国整个社会特别是农村经济可持续发展的基本保障     

Spatial-temporal analysis of wetland landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta

The influence of anthropogenic activities,especially artificial dykes,on the coastal wetland landscape is now considered as a serious problem to the coastal ecosystem.It is important and necessary to analyze changes of coastal landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes for the protection and management of coastal wetland.Our study aimed to reveal the quantitative characteristics of the coastal wetland landscape and its spatial-temporal dynamics under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta(YRD).It was analyzed by the methods of the statistical analysis of landscape structure,five selected landscape indices and the changes of spatial centroids of three typical wetland types,including reed marshes,tidal fiats and aquaculture-salt fields.The results showed that:(1)Reduction of wetland area,especially the degradation of natural wetlands,had been the principal problem since the dykes were constructed in the YRD.The dykes created conditions for the development of artificial wetlands.However,the new born artificial wetlands were still less than the vanished natural wetlands.(2)Compared with the open area,the building of artificial dykes significantly speeded up the changes of landscape patterns and the aggravation of the landscape fragmentation in the closed area.(3)The changes of area-weighted centroids of three typical wetland landscapes were greatly affected by dykes,and the movement of the centroid of the aquaculture-salt field was very sensitive to the dykes constructed in the corresponding period.     

Urbanization in China Based on International Comparison: A Discussion with Two Prevalent Views

Abstract>

Two prevalent views are reviewed on China’s urbanization firstly. Then, this article highlights the characteristics and pattern of urbanization in the world based on the quadrants map, using data of 118 countries or areas. The results indicate that the process of urbanization in the world excluding the data of China has slowed down gradually. A further exploration examines China’s urbanization process and economic development over time, which reveals that both urbanization level and the level of economic development belong to the low-grade coordination pattern. The low level of urbanization is closely connected with the low level of economic development. Actually, China’s urbanization gap appeared during 1985–1995, but it has been eliminating this urbanization gap since 1995 as a result of rapid urbanization growing. The complicated realities revealed in this analysis challenge the existing two prevalent views.     

机动车排放检测和维修制度实施效果分析

实施检测和维修制度是机动车污染控制的重要措施 ,机动车排放检测是检测和维修制度的主要内容 .本研究利用累积分布曲线 ,通过双怠速检测排放限值对各类型高排放车辆的识别率 ,从检测数据、现行标准、上线合格率 3个角度对北京市检测和维修制度的排放限值制定、组织形式和实施效果进行分析 ,提出各受检物排放限值的匹配原则 .     

偏二甲肼污染及治理方法评价

阐述了偏二甲肼 (Unsymmetricaldimethyl-hydrazine ,简称UDMH)对人体致毒机理 ,对环境的污染特征 ,着重对偏二甲肼污染治理中的臭氧氧化法、自然降解法、离子树脂交换法、活性炭吸附法等技术进行了综合评价 ,并提出了TiO2 光催化氧化法及光和细菌降解偏二甲肼的研究方向。