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1.
There has been an increasing awareness of potential impacts of herbicide drift on to vegetation in nature reserves and field margin habitats adjacent to treated areas. Previous work using single species bioassays has suggested that the effects of a single drift event are confined close to the sprayer (< 10 m). In the present study eight native dicotyledonous species, with and without a perennial grass (Lolium perenne), were grown in standardized microcosms in order to study (1) the effects of herbicide drift where plants were exposed to competition, and (2) the effects of a second spray application. The microcosms were arranged downwind (0-8 m) of a standard agricultural sprayer applying mecoprop at recommended rates. The effects of the herbicide drift on foliar symptoms of plant damage and end-of-season yield were assessed in each of two years. The main conclusions were that (1) growth of Stachys sylvatica and Lolium perenne (where sown) was enhanced near the sprayer and, (2) six other species (Digitalis purpurea, Galium mollugo, Hypericum hirsutum, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Primula veris and Ranunculus acris) showed some evidence of reduction in either performance (assessed non-destructively after a single exposure) or yield after two exposures. Three species (Lychnis flos-cuculi, Primula veris and Ranunculus acris) showed a reduction in flowering performance. Thus, mecoprop drift affected the aesthetic appearance, possibly the fecundity of some species and the balance between species in these microcosm experiments. The implications of these results for the persistence of attractive plant communities in sensitive areas are discussed. 相似文献
2.
工艺方案的好坏,不仅将直接影响生产(试验)的成败,影响产品的质量,而且还会影响生产的成本,即最终影响企业的经济效益。此文重点介绍9303产品收口工艺方案的改变及所产生的巨大经济效益。 相似文献
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雷州半岛地区磷肥高效利用技术及其应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在研究雷州半岛土壤特殊的强固磷机理基础上,以改性的工农业废弃物作为活化剂,活化磷矿粉制得高效磷肥,不仅利用了废弃物资源,变废为宝,而且节省了硫酸资源,降低了肥料成本。在雷州半岛不同地区,以西瓜、甘蔗、辣椒、水稻为供试作物,以过磷酸钙为对照,在等质量(低成本)条件下进行了大量的田间试验,结果表明,除水稻产量持平外,其他作物均表现出明显的增产效果,增产幅度在3%-22%之间,且产品品质改善。因此,高效磷肥在雷州半岛地区有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
5.
大豆根系分泌物和根细胞壁对难溶性磷的活化 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
探讨了不同磷效率大豆品种根系细胞壁和根分泌物对难溶性铝磷的活化与吸收能力。结果表明,砂培条件下,磷高效品种(巴西10号)对难溶性铝磷的吸收显著高于磷低效品种(本地2号)。铝磷处理条件下,根系总表面积巴西10号是本地2号的131%,而钾磷处理二者没有明显差异。根系细胞壁对铝磷的活化表明,大豆苗期根系细胞壁对铝磷的活化量显著高于成熟期。苗期、成熟期巴西10号对铝磷的活化量为本地2号的119%、176%。不同栽培方式根系细胞壁对铝磷的活化量表现为水培大于砂培,水培条件下两个大豆基因型对铝磷的活化量没有差异。不同生育时期、栽培方式根分泌物对铝磷的活化量表现为,成熟期大于苗期,砂培大于水培。巴西10号根分泌物对铝磷的活化量比本地2号分别高出69.3%(成熟期)和40.1%(砂培)。上述研究结果表明,大豆根分泌物和根细胞壁对难溶性铝磷的溶解具有促进作用,有利于大豆对铝磷的吸收。 相似文献
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Yao Jianren Wang Zhengguo Jiao Shuzhen Zheng Yongquan Zhao Jing Gao Xiwu T. T. Liang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1992,4(1):106-116
A complete set of procedure for determination of multiresidue of pesticides in vegetables was presented in this paper.The complete set of procedure included three steps:bioassay,cholinesterase inhibition and GLC analysis.The samples could be identified to be contaminated with pesticides if 5% of house flies was knocked down in 50 tested house flies. Those samples contaminated with pesticides needed to be detected by AChE inhibition method.The qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out by GLC.Recoveries ranged from 83.7% in Chinese cabbages to 105.6% in tomatoes for pyrethroids,and 84.0% in tomatoes to 102.7% in sweetbell redpeppes for organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to 7.87% for pyrethroids. and 0.33% to 9.88% for organophosphorus compounds with vegetables. The complete set of procedure has been used successfully to analyze 7000 samples collected in Beijing. About 1% of the samp 相似文献
8.
Richard E Plant Marc Mangel Lawrence E Flynn 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1985,12(1):45-61
The problem of selecting a pesticide application strategy in the face of increasing resistance to the pesticide in the pest population is dealt with. The grower in this situation may do better by sacrificing a portion of the present crop in return for a reduced resistance to future applications. The model presented represents an attempt to forge a compromise between excessive complexity, rendering the model difficult to study, and excessive simplicity, rendering the model useless. The effects of timing of the application of the pesticide within the season are discussed. The principle conclusions are the following: (i) If immigration of pests from refugia is significant then proper timing of the application of pesticide may be used to help alleviate resistance growth. (ii) Resistance growth may best be reduced by spraying earlier than what would otherwise be the best time. (iii) The value of the discount rate (and of the time horizon) has a profound effect on the nature of the optimal policy. 相似文献
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环境影响评价中的危害分析及其实例应用——中河化工厂罐区扩建工程的危害分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环境中有毒、易燃、易爆等物质的泄漏将会在不同程度上对人体和周围环境造成伤害。为此建设项目(特别是化工行业)在进行环境影响评价时,必需对这些潜在的危害物质及其可能发生的事故进行危害分析。本文通过对天津中河化工厂罐区扩建工程的危害分析,给出了危害分析的基本过程及其分析的理论方法,以便为今后化工行业建设项目的危害分析提供一个理论参考。 相似文献