Groundwater geochemical signatures and implication for sustainable development in a typical endorheic watershed on Tibetan plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater resource is significantly important for sustainable development of the world, especially for arid endorheic watersheds. A total of 28...     

快速检测毒死蜱残留量的酶膜生物传感器研究

毒死蜱是一种当前使用广泛的中等毒性有机磷农药．采用传统方法检测毒死蜱．难以满足现场检测的需要。以戊二醛为交联剂．制备了一种基于乙酰胆碱酯酶的酶膜生物传感器．并将其应用于毒死蜱的检测。考察了不同pH值．戊二醛用量．工作环境温度对传感器工作过程的影响。结果表明．本酶膜传感器可定量检出浓度为1．64～20．52mg／kg的毒死蜱。     

Association of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases with sources of ambient PM2.5

Previous studies have reported associations of short-term exposure to different sources of ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) and increased mortality or hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. Few studies, however, have focused on the short-term effects of source-specific PM_(2.5) on emergency room visits(ERVs) of respiratory diseases. Source apportionment for PM_(2.5) was performed with Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF) and generalized additive model was applied to estimate associations between source-specific PM_(2.5) and respiratory disease ERVs. The association of PM_(2.5) and total respiratory ERVs was found on lag4(RR = 1.011, 95%CI: 1.002, 1.020) per interquartile range(76 μg/m~3) increase.We found PM_(2.5) to be significantly associated with asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) ERVs, with the strongest effects on lag5(RR = 1.072,95%CI: 1.024, 1.119), lag4(RR = 1.104, 95%CI: 1.032, 1.176) and lag3(RR = 1.091, 95%CI: 1.047,1.135), respectively. The estimated effects of PM_(2.5) changed little after adjusting for different air pollutants. Six primary PM_(2.5) sources were identified using PMF analysis, including dust/soil(6.7%), industry emission(4.5%), secondary aerosols(30.3%), metal processing(3.2%),coal combustion(37.5%) and traffic-related source(17.8%). Some of the sources were identified to have effects on ERVs of total respiratory diseases(dust/soil, secondary aerosols, metal processing, coal combustion and traffic-related source), bronchitis ERVs(dust/soil) and COPD ERVs(traffic-related source, industry emission and secondary aerosols). Different sources of PM_(2.5) contribute to increased risk of respiratory ERVs to different extents, which may provide potential implications for the decision making of air quality related policies, rational emission control and public health welfare.     

江苏辐射沙洲潮间带风电场对海洋水动力场的影响分析

为了分析潮间带风电场对海洋水动力条件的影响,建立和验证了江苏辐射沙洲潮间带风电场工程二维潮流数学模型,根据风电场区的地形条件对模型范围及网格划分进行了探讨,分析风电场实施前后水动力条件的变化.结果表明:模型计算值与实测值拟合较好·建立的二维潮流数学模型计算结果合理、可信,可用来预测风电场建设对附近海域水动力条件的影响;...     

Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the shallow groundwater quality in a typical irrigation area with reclaimed water,North China Plain

In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater were analyzed to get insight into the factors affecting groundwater quality in a typical agricultural dominated area of the North China Plain. Forty-four shallow groundwater samples were collected for chemical analysis. The water type changes from Ca·Na-HCO₃ type in grass land to Ca·Na-Cl (+NO₃) type and Na (Ca)-Cl (+NO₃+SO₄) type in construction and facility agricultural land, indicating the influence of human activities. The factor analysis and geostatistical analysis revealed that the two major factors contributing to the groundwater hydrochemical compositions were the water-rock interaction and contamination from sewage discharge and agricultural fertilizers. The major ions (F, HCO₃) and trace element (As) in the shallow groundwater represented the natural origin, while the nitrate and sulfate concentrations were related to the application of fertilizer and sewage discharge in the facility agricultural area, which was mainly affected by the human activities. The values of pH, total dissolved solids, electric conductivity, and conventional component (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Cl) in shallow groundwater increased from grass land and cultivated land, to construction land and to facility agriculture which were originated from the combination sources of natural processes (e.g., water-rock interaction) and human activities (e.g., domestic effluents). The study indicated that both natural processes and human activities had influences on the groundwater hydrochemical compositions in shallow groundwater, while anthropogenic processes had more contribution, especially in the reclaimed water irrigation area.     

北京市大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征及来源

挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放是大气污染的重要来源,已经成为我国最重要的环境问题之一,北京市的污染尤为严重。本文对北京市近年来大气挥发性有机物、苯系物的污染情况和来源以及不同控制措施下挥发性有机物的浓度变化进行了总结概括,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

基于改进DPSIR模型的京津冀地区优先回补地下水水源地筛选方法

京津冀地区地下水水源地超采问题严重,引发了地下水水位持续下降等一系列问题,南水北调中线输水贯通为该地区地下水水源地的回补涵养提供了契机;然而,京津冀地区众多地下水水源地在回补条件和回补需求等方面各异,在有限回补水源条件下,亟需建立该地区地下水水源地回补优先性评价和分级方法,从而筛选出可优先回补的水源地.借助DPSIR(驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应)评价模型理念,在综合分析地下水水源地产生资源环境问题的根本原因、存在压力、不利状态、对人类社会的影响以及地下水回补工程产生的响应基础上,解析影响地下水回补的关键因素,并以此为依据进行专家咨询和评分,建立了涵盖5个准则和21个指标的综合评价指标集.在阈值确定和数据标准化基础上,依据评分数据确定各准则和指标权重,最后通过综合指数法构建基于DPSIR模型的地下水水源地回补优先性评价体系,并对京津冀地区具有代表性的76个浅层地下水水源地进行了评价和分级.结果表明:以南水北调中线工程为轴,分布在山前冲洪积扇的32个浅层地下水水源地为优先和较优先回补等级,从山前至中部平原地下水水源地回补优先性逐渐变差;回补水源类型、浅层含水层储水空间、区域浅层地下水质量、浅层含水层防污性能是影响评价结果的最重要指标.研究显示,位于京津冀山前的冲洪积扇地区的地下水水源地应最优先考虑回补,中部平原地下水水源地大多为一般或暂不考虑,东部平原区地下水水源地普遍不适宜回补.该评价方法指标选取和权重计算科学客观,可为京津冀地下水水源地的涵养提供标靶和决策的理论支撑.      

长输管道工程施工期环境监理初探 ——以中缅油气管道工程（缅甸段）为例

中缅油气管道工程(缅甸段)首次在长输管道建设项目中引入独立第三方环境监理,目的是保证工程环境保护达到国际一流水平,促进管道建设与当地的经济社会、自然环境的和谐可持续发展。通过工程的环境监理实践,分析了长输管道施工准备阶段、施工期和试运行期的环境监理要点和工作重点,介绍了环境监理的工作方法,并对完善环境监理工作提出了建议,为长输管道工程环境监理进行了初步实践探索。     

垃圾分类处置典型案例分析及新思路研究

中国固体废弃物的回收、处理、利用形势不容乐观.结合当前形势,参考国内外垃圾分类的成功案例,对比分析中日的垃圾分类现状和数据,认为中国垃圾分类应从以下两条新思路改进,一是从处理方式上改进回收方式;二是结合具体情况以及人群,考虑垃圾分类的方法.最后分析了新思路下,垃圾回收的环境和经济效益.并提出通过大数据、物联网对垃圾回收全过程的监控,管理的展望.