Contamination and vertical distribution of As,Cd, Cr,Cu, Pb,Tl, and Zn in paddy soil irrigated with untreated leachate from tailings retention ponds

The contamination and vertical distribution of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Tl, and Zn in paddy soil irrigated with untreated leachate from the tailings retention pond were investigated. As, Cr, Cu, and Zn were slightly contaminated in the surface soil and hence their vertical distribution was not obvious. However, Cd and Pb were highly contaminated in the surface soil, while their concentrations decreased with depth, being negatively correlated with pH and positively with total organic matter. Tl was considerably contaminated in the surface soil and a V-shaped vertical distribution was observed where the concentration increased to a maximum at about 30 cm depth and decreased thereafter. The findings revealed that the regular irrigation with untreated leachate from the tailings retention ponds could cause considerable contamination of Cd, Pb, and Tl, and thus tailings should be stringently treated before disposal to minimize their potential environmental impacts on the surroundings.     

武汉地铁线地下工程有害气体勘察与防治技术研究

武汉地铁二号线汉口火车站—范湖站区间含有沼气层,沼气(瓦斯)在隧道中的释放与聚集将直接威胁盾构施工和日后地铁运营的安全,因此采用岩芯钻孔探测法和静力触探孔探测法对其进行瓦斯赋存状况勘察与安全检测评价十分必要,根据勘察与评价的结果可为施工单位提供指导性的安全施工建议。     

珠江广州河段员村段的底泥耗氧

探讨广州珠江员村段底泥的耗氧特点及总底泥耗氧中生物耗氧和非耗氧所占比例。结果表明,在实验期间内平水期底泥只出现前６ｈ的持续耗氧过程,而丰水期泥除出现前６ｈ的快速耗氧外,还表现出相对较缓慢的耗氧过程。两水期底泥耗氧中化学耗氧起主导作用。同温、同流量条件下,平水期的底泥耗氧速率略低于丰水期。由实验推导出两水期底泥耗氧速率与温度及流量之间的关系为：ＳＯＤ丰＝０．４９４５×１．００５８＾（Ｔ－２０）（Ｔ≤     

多金属污染土壤中微生物群落功能对麻疯树-化学联合修复的响应

应用BIOLOG实验技术,结合土壤和植物的相关指标,对广东省大宝山矿山周边多金属污染土壤修复过程中微生物群落代谢方式的变化进行分析,结果表明,施用改良剂可以显著提高土壤微生物群落的活性:粉煤灰＞石灰＞白云石＞对照,其中粉煤灰对提高多金属污染土壤微生物的代谢多样性有显著效果;种植麻疯树后土壤微生物活性也发生变化,结果为:...     

彩虹粉引燃危险性实验研究

为了研究彩虹粉引燃危险性,应用固体燃烧速率试验仪初步甄别了彩虹粉传播燃烧能力,发现堆垛状彩虹粉固体火焰传播危险性较低;采用粉尘爆炸筛选装置,判定彩虹粉具有爆炸性;应用最小点火能测定装置测定彩虹粉粉尘云的最小点火能在24~60 mJ之间,最优爆炸浓度为1 167 g/m3;应用快速筛选量热仪测试,彩虹粉在227℃开始分解;固体自燃点测试仪显示彩虹粉在250℃附近会发生自燃。向彩虹粉内添加不同比例相近粒径分布的食用盐粉体进行抑爆研究,结果证明食用盐对彩虹粉具有明显的抑爆效果。     

制药废水中青霉素与厌氧污泥的相互作用机制

通过批式实验考察了制药废水中青霉素G钠盐与厌氧污泥的相互作用机制.结果表明:青霉素G钠盐的水(降)解反应符合伪一级动力学,在纯水、灭活和活性厌氧污泥条件下的速率常数分别为0.048、0.121 6和0.128 3 h-1.灭活厌氧性污泥因其絮体表面的亲核官能团显著提高了青霉素G钠盐的水(降)解速率,活性厌氧污泥因其生物...     

Anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria: ecological distribution,metabolism, and microbial interactions

The unique characteristics of anammox bacteria were reviewed. Ecological distribution and nitrogen loss contributions were well documented. Ecological interactions between anammox bacteria and other organisms were discussed. Anammox (ANaerobic AMMonia OXidation) is a newly discovered pathway in the nitrogen cycle. This discovery has increased our knowledge of the global nitrogen cycle and triggered intense interest for anammox-based applications. Anammox bacteria are almost ubiquitous in the suboxic zones of almost all types of natural ecosystems and contribute significant to the global total nitrogen loss. In this paper, their ecological distributions and contributions to the nitrogen loss in marine, wetland, terrestrial ecosystems, and even extreme environments were reviewed. The unique metabolic mechanism of anammox bacteria was well described, including the particular cellular structures and genome compositions, which indicate the special evolutionary status of anammox bacteria. Finally, the ecological interactions among anammox bacteria and other organisms were discussed based on substrate availability and spatial organizations. This review attempts to summarize the fundamental understanding of anammox, provide an up-to-date summary of the knowledge of the overall anammox status, and propose future prospects for anammox. Based on novel findings, the metagenome has become a powerful tool for the genomic analysis of communities containing anammox bacteria; the metabolic diversity and biogeochemistry in the global nitrogen budget require more comprehensive studies.     

pH、温度及初始铊浓度对硫酸盐还原菌脱铊的影响

环境因素对硫酸盐还原菌除铊效果具有较大的影响。在对上流式厌氧污泥床污泥中分离纯化得到的硫酸盐还原菌进行初步鉴定的基础上,探讨pH、温度以及初始铊浓度对硫酸盐还原菌除铊效果的影响。实验结果表明,3株耐铊硫酸盐还原菌生长的反应适宜pH为6.0,该pH环境下3个菌株的铊去除率分别为96.71%、97%和96.23%;最适温度在28~32℃范围内,此条件下3株菌株对铊的去除率分别高达93.11%、91.84%和92.83%;初始低浓度铊对菌株除铊效果影响较小,3株菌株除铊率均达到99.4%以上。对反应过程中的pH、温度以及初始铊浓度进行调节,对于改善硫酸盐还原菌去除铊污染效果具有重要意义。     

Roles of soluble minerals in Cd sorption onto rice straw biochar

Transforming to biochar provides an environmentally friendly approach for crop residue reutilization, which are usually applied as sorbent for heavy metal removal. As typical siliconrich material, the specific sorptive mechanisms of rice straw derived biochar(RSBC) are concerned, especially at the low concentration range which is more environmentally relevant. In the present study, Cd sorption onto RSBCs at the concentration of ≤ 5 mg/L was investigated. The sorptive capacity was positively corr...