浅论环境影响评价在油田环境管理中的作用

新疆地区的环境较为敏感,油气田开发对环境的影响较大,围绕着油气田开发所开展的各项活动必须严格执行环境影响评价。文章介绍油气田开发环境影响特点,环境影响评价工作中存在的问题。加强油田环境管理的措施为:实施战略和区域环境影响评价,在可行性研究报告审查前提出环境保护建议,在设计阶段严格执行环评中提出的环境保护措施,严格执行HSE环境管理体系,建立和完善回顾性环境影响评价制度,制定新疆油田建设项目环境保护管理方面的规定。     

Influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate coating on adsorption of methylene blue by biochar from aqueous solution

Biochar is regarded as a promising new class of materials due to its multifunctional character and the possibility of effectively coupling different properties. With increasing introduction into the environment, environmental chemicals such as surfactants will load onto the released biochar and change its physicochemical characteristics and adsorption behavior toward pollutants. In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), as one type of anionic surfactant, was coated onto biochar with different loading amounts. The influence of SDS loading onto biochar's physicochemical properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, zeta potential and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area and pore size distribution analysis. Results showed that the pore size of the biochar decreased gradually with the increase of SDS loading because of the surface-adsorption and pore-blocking processes; the p H of the point of zero charge(pHPZC) decreased with increasing SDS loading. Although surface-coating with SDS decreased the pore size of the biochar, its adsorption capacity toward Methylene Blue(MB) significantly increased. The biochar-bound SDS introduced functional groups and negative charges to the biochar surface, which could thus enhance the adsorption of MB via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The results can shed light on the underlying mechanism of the influence of anionic surfactants on the adsorption of MB by biochar.     

Cloning and expression analysis of ScBAK1 gene and its alternative spliceosome in sugarcane北大核心CSCD

Alternative splicing (AS) is an important part of regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. BAK1 (Brassinosteroid insensitive1-associated receptor kinase 1) is a specific type of plant serine/threonine protein kinases, and can regulate growth and development and natural immunization. To reveal the responses of sugarcane BAK1 gene to the adverse environment, a ScBAK1 gene and its alternative spliceosome, termed ScBAK1 (GenBank accession number: KP032226) and ScBAK1 S1 (GenBank accession number: KP032227), were cloned from leaf cDNA of Yacheng 05-179 utilizing the methods of electronic cloning and RT-PCR. The open reading frame (ORF) length of ScBAK1/ScBAK1 S1 gene was 1 860bp/1 770bp, encoding 619/589 amino acids residues. The predicted molecular weight of the protein was 69.28 kDa/ 65.76 kDa. Both proteins were located in plasma membrane, estimated as acid, hydrophikic and secretive proteins. Random coil and alpha helix gave priority to extended strand in their secondary structure without beta turn. The most important protein function was cell envelope, secondly biosynthesis of amino acids and cofactors. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression of sugarcane ScBAK1 S1 gene exhibited the reduced expression trend under smut fungus stress and various abiotic exogenous stresses, including SA, CuCl2, PEG, ABA, NaCl and JA, while the expression of ScBAK1 gene was induced by SA, CuCl2, PEG, NaCl and smut fungus stresses. The phenomenon showed that the absent sequences or amounts of ScBAK1 S1 gene plays a key role in the response of ScBAK1 to the stress of sugarcane smut fungus, osmotic stress and cell growth. The differential expression of ScBAK1 and ScBAK1 S1 lays a foundation for further research on the function of ScBAK1 gene under biotic and abiotic stress.     

固定化高效降解菌处理PTA废水的研究

研究了聚乙烯醇(PVA)加少量海藻酸钠及SiO2、CaCO3的方法固定高效菌处理PTA污水.结果表明,采用质量分数分别为PVA 10%、海藻酸钠0.3%、特种菌种10%、SiO2 3%、CaCO30.3%,用饱和硼酸溶液(pH为4.0)作为交联剂,制得的颗粒处理PTA废水时,废水COD负荷为2.91kg/m3·d时,CODcr、TOC、TA去除率均为85%以上;废水COD负荷为12.2kg/m3j·时,CODcr去除率仍为50%以上、TOC去除率为60%以上,当pTA废水pH从55降至35时,CODcr、TOC、TA去除率仍在86%以上.     

Monitoring seasonal distribution of an endangered anadromous sturgeon in a large river using environmental DNA

Monitoring dynamic distribution is crucial to conservation management of anadromous sturgeons, but traditional survey methods are less efficient for low-density populations in a large river. Natural propagation of Chinese sturgeon has been monitored annually mainly at the spawning ground using netting for eggs and hydroacoustics for broodstock. However, absence of spawning was observed sporadically in recent years, indicating further crises for the declining population. We analyzed eDNA of water samples collected from 24 sites across 1360 km of the migratory route of anadromous Chinese sturgeon in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Chinese sturgeon was detected at 9 sites during the spawning season and 14 sites after the spawning season. We found that positive eDNA detection rates remained constant in the middle reaches but dramatically changed in the lower reaches, reflecting seasonal migration pattern of Chinese sturgeon. Invasive sturgeons were detected in the river, indicating their possible escape from aquaculture facilities. This study established a protocol for the use of eDNA to monitor distribution of Chinese sturgeon and could be valuable in making better policies for the conservation of this endangered species.     

Eukaryotic community diversity and pathogenic eukaryotes in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant determined by 18S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was applied to investigate the eukaryotic community in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant....     

冷排水中余氯对鱼类毒理效应和资源损失量估算方法的研究

在实验室条件下模拟某液化天然气(liquefied natural gas,简称LNG)工程冷排水中余氯排放,并通过毒理实验研究海洋中余氯对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)仔鱼和幼鱼的毒理效应.结果表明:在余氯浓度为0.14和0.20 mg·L-1时,仔鱼出现死亡现象,其他3个低浓度条件下仔鱼无死亡率;...     

北京市住宅室内空气中TVOC污染现状分析

对北京市106户住宅的TVOC检测结果表明：装修后6个月内的房屋TVOC普遍超标且情况较为严重,但随着装修后时间的延长,TVOC浓度下降明显。同时,本文还对装修后有无家具和地面装修材料的室内TVOC浓度进行了对比,结果表明有家具的室内TVO浓度明显较高,而地面的装修材料对整个居室TVOC的浓度影响并不十分明显。     

玉米秸秆生物炭对苯胺的吸附

以玉米秸秆为原料制备生物炭吸附剂,研究了生物炭对水中苯胺的吸附性能。表征结果显示:制备的生物炭的比表面积为449.7 m2/g,体积平均粒径为103μm,主要以小粒径存在;制备的生物炭表面以碱性含氧官能团为主,含量为1.31 mmol/g。实验结果表明:在溶液p H 3、生物炭加入量10 g/L、吸附温度313 K、吸附时间3.0h的最佳反应条件下处理初始苯胺质量浓度为400 mg/L的苯胺溶液,苯胺去除率为94.0%,吸附量为37 mg/g;生物炭对苯胺的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附等温线满足Freundlich等温吸附方程;生物炭对苯胺的吸附是自发、吸热的过程;吸附过程中存在着水分子从生物炭表面的解吸。     

冷排水中余氯对虾类毒理效应和资源损失量估算方法研究

在实验室条件下模拟某LNG工程冷排水中的余氯排放,并通过毒理实验研究海洋中余氯对南美白对虾(Penaeusvannamei Boone,1931)幼体的毒理效应。结果表明,南美白对虾幼体在设定的0.00、0.02、0.08、0.14、0.20、0.26 mg/L浓度条件下,存活率分别为100%、100%、88.89%、61.25%、56.25%、20.83%,表现出存活率随着余氯浓度的升高而降低的趋势,得到其拟合趋势线为y=-2.725 7χ~2+3.2307χ+101.24。根据余氯扩散场预测数模,0.01、0.05、0.10 mg/L 3个余氯浓度的最大扩散面积分别为0.248、0.047、0.010 km~2,内插值法求出水体中对应的虾类幼体的致死率分别为0.00%、5.56%、20.32%。结合渔业资源损失评估公式W=D×V×M估算,该LNG工程余氯排放对临近海域幼虾的损失量为0.583×10~3ind.。2010年9月调查数据表明,该海域幼虾的尾数密度为9.17×10~3ind./km~2,远低于2009年同期该海域调查所得虾类幼体的尾数密度125.41×10~3ind./km~2。但根据调查资料,2010年9月该海域调查所得的虾类幼体比(7.76%)远低于2009年9月(69 38%)。由此推测,该海域2010年9月虾类幼体数量显著减少并不是余氯排放引起的。