Antibiotic exposure and potential risk of depression in the Chinese elderly: a biomonitoring-based population study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To examine the associations between urinary antibiotics from various sources and depression in the elderly using the biomonitoring method. In the...     

Lambda-cyhalothrin disrupts the up-regulation effect of 17β-estradiol on post-synaptic density 95 protein expression via estrogen receptor α-dependent Akt pathway

Lambda-cyhalothrin(LCT),one of the type II pyrethroids,has been widely used throughout the world.The estrogenic effect of LCT to increase cell proliferation has been well established.However,whether the estrogenic effect of LCT will influence neurodevelopment has not been investigated.In addition,17β-Estradiol(E2)plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and induces an increase in synaptic proteins.The post-synaptic density 95(PSD95)protein,which is involved in the development of the structure and function of new spines and localized with estrogen receptor α(ERα)at the post-synaptic density(PSD),was detected in our study by using hippocampal neuron cell line HT22.We found that LCT up-regulated PSD95 and ERα expression,estrogen receptor(ER)antagonist ICI182,780 and phosphatidylinositol-4;5-bisphosphate 3-kinase(PI3K)inhibitor LY294,002 blocked this effect.In addition,LCT disrupted the promotion effect of E2 on PSD95.To investigate whether the observed changes are caused by ERα-dependent signaling activation,we next detected the effects of LCT on the ERα-mediated PI3K-Protein kinase B(PKB/Akt)-eukaryotic initiation factor(e IF)4E-binding protein 1(4E-BP1)pathway.There existed an activation of Akt and the downstream factor 4E-BP1 after LCT treatment.In addition,LCT could disrupt the activation effect of E2 on the Akt pathway.However,no changes in c AMP response element-binding protein(CREB)activation and PSD95 messenger ribonucleic acid(m RNA)were observed.Our findings demonstrated that LCT could increase the PSD95 protein level via the ERα-dependent Akt pathway,and LCT might disrupt the up-regulation effect of E2 on PSD95 protein expression via this signaling pathway.     

从剖面上晶屑含量变化探讨火山灰流凝灰岩火山爆发的机制

处于重力稳定状态的岩浆房要产生喷发作用，其可能的躯动力有两种：其一是开放体系岩浆房的下部岩浆脉冲补给使岩浆房体积膨胀，产生可克服上覆围岩强度的超压；其二是封闭岩浆房中的结晶作用，导致挥发组分出溶、体积膨胀而产生克服上覆围岩强度的超压。本文通过对江西广丰地区中生代火山灰流相凝灰岩研究认为，这两种可能的火山喷发机制可通过剖面上晶屑含量与岩石地球化学成分的对应变化关系来识别，前者为晶屑含量呈递增的喷发韵律，而化学成分无明显变化，后者则晶屑含量呈快速递减的喷发韵律，化学成分变化较大。这两种机制的识别，对于预测现代活火山喷发周期，分析古火山活动阶段有重要的意义。