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1.
Dina A. Salman Saud A. Amer Frank A. Ward 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(5):1208-1225
Climate variability and population growth have intensified the search internationally for measures to adapt to fluctuations in water supplies. An example can be found in the lower part of the transboundary Tigris‐Euphrates Basin where water shortages in 2008‐2009 resulted in high economic costs to irrigation farmers. Losses to irrigators in the lower basin have made a compelling case to identify flexible methods to adapt to water shortage. Few published studies have systematically examined ways to enhance the flexibility of water appropriation systems to adapt to water shortage. This article addresses an ongoing challenge in water governance by examining how profitability at both the farm and basin levels is affected by various water appropriation systems. Four water appropriation systems are compared for impacts on farm income under each of three water supply scenarios. Results show that a (1) proportional sharing of water shortages among provinces and (2) unrestricted water trading rank as the top two appropriation systems. The shadow price of water for irrigation rises from zero at a full water supply level to US$93/1,000 m3 when supply falls to 20% of full levels. Similar methods could be used to analyze challenges facing the design or implementation of water appropriation systems in the world's irrigated regions. 相似文献
2.
Saud A. Amer Timothy O. Keefer Mark A. Weltz David C. Goodrich Leslie B. Bach 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(1):69-83
ABSTRACT: Certain physical and chemical properties of soil vary with soil water content. The relationship between these properties and water content is complex and involves both the pore structure and constituents of the soil solution. One of the most economical techniques to quantify soil water content involves the measurement of electrical resistance of a dielectric medium that is in equilibrium with the soil water content. The objective of this research was to test the reliability and accuracy of fiberglass soil-moisture electrical resistance sensors (ERS) as compared to gravimetric sampling and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The response of the ERS was compared to gravimetric measurements at eight locations on the USDA-ABS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. The comparisons with TDR sensors were made at three additional locations on the same watershed. The high soil rock content (≥45 percent) at seven locations resulted in consistent overestimation of soil water content by the ERS method. Where rock content was less than 10 percent, estimation of soil water was within 5 percent of the gravimetric soil water content. New methodology to calibrate the ERS sensors for rocky soils will need to be developed before soil water content values can be determined with these sensors. 相似文献
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Jawad Ali H. Rangabhashiyam S. Abdulhameed Ahmed Saud Syed-Hassan Syed Shatir A. ALOthman Zeid A. Wilson Lee D. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(7):2759-2773
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - A new biocomposite cross-linked glutaraldehyde-chitosan/MgO/Fe3O4 (CTS-GL/MgO/Fe3O4) adsorbent with magneto-responsiveness was prepared and applied for the... 相似文献
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Afify Marwa Adel Ahmed Iman Gamal Ghareeb Alkahtani Theeb Ayedh Altulayhi Raed Ibrahim Alrowili Amjad Saud Mhrb Ghozy Sherief Bin-Jumah May Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10576-10588
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This research aims to study the safety and efficacy of doravirine in the treatment of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus) patients. We conducted an... 相似文献
6.
Jawad Ali H. Abdulhameed Ahmed Saud Kashi Elmira Yaseen Zaher Mundher ALOthman Zeid A. Khan Mohammad Rizwan 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(1):164-178
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Kaolin clay (KN) was employed as an inorganic filler to modify a cross-linked chitosan-glyoxal as Schiff’s-based chitosan composite derivative... 相似文献
7.
Mansour I. Al-Mansour Naif M. Al-Otaibi Saud S. Alarifi Saleh A. Ibrahim 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):1191-1203
Adult males of the quail Coturnix coturnix were exposed to lead acetate trihydrate in drinking water (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% for one–six months) to investigate histological and histochemical alterations induced by lead intoxication in the liver. Chronic exposure to subtoxic concentrations of lead produced changes in hepatocytes, portal veins, Kupffer cells, and blood sinusoids. Alterations in hepatocytes mainly involved cytoplasmic vacuolation, necrosis, cytolysis, and glycogen accumulation. Kupffer cell hyperplasia, hemosiderosis, blood sinusoidal dilatation, portal vein congestion, and edema were also observed. No fibrosis or cirrhosis in the liver of any member of the dose groups over the entire period of the study was noted. The findings revealed that chronic exposure to lead produced mild histological and histochemical changes in the liver of the quail Coturnix coturnix. 相似文献
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Zekai Sen Abdulaziz Abo Saud Abdüsselam Altunkaynak Mehmet
zger 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(5):1209-1215
ABSTRACT: The quality of ground water in any aquifer takes its final form due to natural mixture of waters, which may originate from different sources. Water quality varies from one aquifer to another and even within the same aquifer itself. Different ground water quality is obtained from wells and is mixed in a common reservoir prior to any consumption. This artificial mixing enables an increase in available ground water of a desired quality for agricultural or residential purposes. The question remains as to what proportions of water from different wells should be mixed together to achieve a desired water quality for this artificial mixture. Two sets of laboratory experiments were carried out, namely, the addition of saline water to a fixed volume of fresh water. After each addition, the mixture volume and the electric conductivity value of the artificially mixed water were recorded. The experiments were carried out under the same laboratory temperature of 20°C. A standard curve was developed first experimentally and then confirmed theoretically. This curve is useful in determining either the volume or discharge ratio from two wells to achieve a predetermined electrical conductivity value of the artificial mixture. The application of the curve is given for two wells within the Quaternary deposits in the western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 相似文献
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Khan Muhammad Hafeez Ullah Khattak Jabar Zaman Khan Jamil Muhammad Malook Ijaz Khan Shahid Ullah Jan Mehmood Din Ismail Saud Shah Kamran Muhammad Alharby Hesham Fahad Shah 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(30):23850-23863
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Salinity is a worldwide environmental problem of agricultural lands. Smoke and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) are individually used to improve... 相似文献
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Shujah-ur-Rahman Chen Songsheng Saud Shah Bano Sadia Haseeb Abdul 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24733-24747
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Global warming and greenhouse gas emissions have become a severe threat to our ecosystem. Prior studies on environment posit that ample exhaustion of... 相似文献