Electrocatalytic degradation of sulfamethylthiadiazole by GAC@Ni/Fe three-dimensional particle electrode

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, GAC@Ni/Fe particle electrodes were prepared and employed for the degradation of sulfamethylthiadiazole (SMT) by three-dimensional...     

电镀废水中低浓度镍和锌离子的高效富集研究

电镀废水中低浓度重金属离子的处理普遍采用混凝沉淀法,由此产生了大量重金属污泥,其安全处置过程复杂且成本较高.基于此,本文研究了一种资源化回收电镀废水中低浓度镍离子(Ni~(2+))和锌离子(Zn~(2+))的方法.结果表明,电镀废水经过铁盐混凝后,产生的沉淀溶解于硝酸中,得到硝酸溶解液中Ni~(2+)和Zn~(2+)浓度分别高达2.3 g·L~(-1)和1.5 g·L~(-1),而杂质铁(Fe~(3+))浓度为12.2 g·L~(-1).将硝酸溶解液直接进行水热处理,溶液中Ni~(2+)和Zn~(2+)浓度不变,残留铁浓度为1.76 g·L~(-1).向硝酸溶解液中添加乙酰丙酸(C_5H_8O_3)后进行水热处理,Ni~(2+)和Zn~(2+)浓度依然不变,但溶液中残留铁浓度仅为0.78 mg·L~(-1).硝酸溶解液中铁的去除主要源于水热条件下铁的水解和缩聚转化为高结晶度的赤铁矿.添加乙酰丙酸能够同时降低溶液中NO~-_3浓度和提升pH值,促进溶液中铁的水解和缩聚.     

Effects of Al3+ on pollutant removal and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under anaerobic,anoxic and oxic conditions

The highest removal efficiencies of COD and TN were achieved under 10 mg/L of Al³⁺. The highest TP removal efficiency occurred under 30 mg/L of Al³⁺. EPS, PS and PN concentrations increased with the addition of Al³⁺. Sludge properties significantly changed with the addition of Al³⁺. Aluminum ions produced by aluminum mining, electrolytic industry and aluminum-based coagulants can enter wastewater treatment plants and interact with activated sludge. They can subsequently contribute to the removal of suspended solids and affect activated sludge flocculation, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In this study, the effects of Al³⁺ on pollutant removal, sludge flocculation and the composition and structure of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were investigated under anaerobic, anoxic and oxic conditions. Results demonstrated that the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were detected for an Al³⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L. In addition, the maximal dehydrogenase activity and sludge flocculation were also observed at this level of Al³⁺. The highest removal efficiency of total phosphorus (TP) was achieved at an Al³⁺ concentration of 30 mg/L. The flocculability of sludge in the anoxic zone was consistently higher than that in the anaerobic and oxic zones. The addition of Al³⁺ promoted the secretion of EPS. Tryptophan-like fluorescence peaks were detected in each EPS layer in the absence of Al³⁺. At the Al³⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L, fulvic acid and tryptophan fluorescence peaks began to appear, while the majority of protein species and the highest microbial activity were also detected. Low Al³⁺ concentrations (<10 mg/L) could promote the removal efficiencies of COD and TN, yet excessive Al³⁺ levels (>10 mg/L) weakened microbial activity. Higher Al³⁺ concentrations (>30 mg/L) also inhibited the release of phosphorus in the anaerobic zone by reacting with PO₄^3-.     

低温喹啉降解菌的筛选及降解性能

从吉林石化污水处理厂的活性污泥中驯化、筛选获得一株降解效率高且生长速率快高效耐冷菌,命名为WS-5.该菌能以喹啉作为惟一的碳源、氮源及能源.结合菌体的形态观察、生理生化特性实验及16S rDNA序列同源性对比分析,鉴定菌株WS-5为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida).不同降解条件下的实验结果表明,菌株WS-5的最佳降解条件是投菌量为15％,pH值范围在8～10,摇床转速为100 r/min.最佳降解环境下对200 mg/L的喹啉在132 h降解率达到了85.3％.菌株WS-5对初始喹啉浓度为50、100、200和300 mg/L的初始喹啉浓度分别在36、72、192和262 h内完全降解.这将为今后在低温条件下处理含喹啉废水提供技术指导.     

Ca2+、Mg2+共存对SBR工艺生物脱氮和微生物群落结构的影响

为了研究共存的硬度金属离子在废水生物处理中的作用,在进水Ca~(2+)为1.1 mmol·L~(-1)的条件下,通过改变Mg~(2+)的浓度,考察Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比对SBR工艺污染物去除和微生物群落的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析微生物优势种群的变化,以期从微生物角度明确Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)共存对生物脱氮的影响机制.结果表明:当Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比分别为2、1和0.5时,COD去除率由88%分别升高至90%、91%和93%;NH~+_4-N去除率由74%分别升高至91%、93%和96%;TN去除率由44%分别升高至58%、62%和69%.随着进水Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比的降低,微生物群落的丰富度升高,Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比为2的微生物群落结构与Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比为1和0.5的微生物群落结构差异显著.变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门一直为SBR工艺的优势菌门,有利于有机污染物的去除.参与脱氮过程的Niabella和Dechloromonas在反应器内富集,保证了良好的脱氮效果.Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比的降低促进了有机物和总氮的去除及微生物多样性的提高.     

内循环管式光催化反应器降解水中喹啉的动力学研究

采用内循环管式光催化反应器,考察不同的温度、有机物底物浓度、光照强度、曝气强度等因素对水中喹啉的降解效果影响,在此基础上进行降解动力学研究。实验结果表明:温度、喹啉初始浓度、光照强度、曝气强度等因素与喹啉的催化降解呈现良好的相关关系,喹啉的表观吸附平衡常数为0.0244 L/mg,溶解氧表观吸附平衡常数为2.11,反应活化能为16.734 kJ/mol,光照强度修正指数为0.525。     

L-谷氨酸改性氧化石墨烯对Cu2+的吸附

采用L-谷氨酸（L-Glu）改性氧化石墨烯（GO）制备吸附剂L-Glu/GO,并进行了XRD、FTIR和SEM表征。考察了不同因素对L-Glu/GO吸附Cu²⁺的影响,并对L-Glu/GO的吸附-解吸能力进行了研究。实验结果表明：L-Glu/GO对Cu²⁺的吸附在10 min内就可达到吸附平衡;在Cu²⁺初始质量浓度为70 mg/L、初始pH为5、L-Glu/GO投加量为0.200 g/L、吸附时间为120 min、吸附温度为30 ℃的条件下,L-Glu/GO的最大吸附量可达292.460 mg/g。准二级动力学和Langmuir模型能很好地拟合此吸附过程,且显示该吸附过程可促进L-Glu/GO对Cu²⁺的吸附。热力学研究结果表明该吸附过程是一个自发的放热过程。经过5次吸附-解吸循环后,L-Glu/GO对Cu²⁺的吸附率仍在92%以上,表明该吸附剂再生性好,可重复使用。     

氐温喹啉降解菌的筛选及降解性能

从吉林石化污水处理厂的活性污泥中驯化、筛选获得一株降解效率高且生长速率快高效耐冷菌,命名为WS-5。该菌能以喹啉作为惟一的碳源、氮源及能源。结合菌体的形态观察、生理生化特性实验及16SrDNA序列同源性对比分析,鉴定菌株WS-5为恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonasputida）。不同降解条件下的实验结果表明,菌株WS-5的最佳降解条件是投菌量为15％,pH值范围在8～10,摇床转速为100r／min。最佳降解环境下对200mg／L的喹啉在132h降解率达到了85．3％。菌株WS-5对初始喹啉浓度为50、100、200和300mg／L的初始喹啉浓度分别在36、72、192和262h内完全降解。这将为今后在低温条件下处理含喹啉废水提供技术指导。