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Ibrahim Adham Taib Andrew Stuart McIntosh Carlo Caponecchia Melissa T. Baysari 《Safety Science》2011,49(5):607-615
Although a large number of medical error taxonomies have been published, there is little evidence to suggest that these taxonomies have been systematically compared. This paper describes a study comparing 26 medical error taxonomies using a human factors perspective. The taxonomies were examined to determine if they classified systemic factors of medical errors and if they utilized theoretical error concepts in their classifications. Scope of classification was also examined. It was found that two-thirds of the taxonomies classified systemic factors of medical errors and only a third utilized theoretical error concepts. Medical error taxonomies based on theoretical error concepts were more likely to be generic in applicability and also more likely to classify systemic factors and psychological error mechanisms of medical errors. In addition to terminology, the medical error taxonomies also varied in terms of domain-specificity, granularity, and developmental process. Different medical error taxonomies provide different information; how these differences affect medical error management needs to be investigated. 相似文献
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Ibrahim Adham Taib Andrew S McIntosh Carlo Caponecchia Melissa T. Baysari 《Safety Science》2012,50(9):1801-1805
Medical error taxonomies are used to report and analyse patient safety incidents. Medical error taxonomies can be generic or domain-specific. In comparing generic and domain-specific medical error taxonomies, the literature compares the information both type of taxonomies classify. There is little evidence the taxonomies have been compared in terms of usability and reliability. Twenty nurses and 21 pharmacists participated in a study comparing the usability and reliability of a generic medical error taxonomy and a medication error taxonomy. The medical error taxonomies utilized were the Patient Safety Event Taxonomy and the NCC MERP Taxonomy of Medication Error. The study found no significant difference in the usability ratings of both taxonomies. The taxonomies required different amount of time to classify patient safety incidents and had significantly different reliability levels. The reliability of the NCC MERP Taxonomy of Medication Error was significantly different when used by nurses and pharmacists. The taxonomy was also preferred by the majority of participants. Some recommendations are made about the design of future medical error taxonomies. 相似文献
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Tajul Baharuddin MF Taib S Hashim R Zainal Abidin MH Ishak MF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,180(1-4):345-369
Time-lapse resistivity measurements and groundwater geochemistry were used to study salinity effect on groundwater aquifer at the ex-promontory-land of Carey Island in Malaysia. Resistivity was measured by ABEM Terrameter SAS4000 and ES10-64 electrode selector. Relationship between earth resistivity and total dissolved solids (TDS) was derived, and with resistivity images, used to identify water types: fresh (ρ ( e ) > 6.5 Ω m), brackish (3 Ω m < ρ ( e ) < 6.5 Ω m), or saline (ρ ( e ) < 3 Ω m). Long-term monitoring of the studied area's groundwater quality via measurements of its time-lapse resistivity showed salinity changes in the island's groundwater aquifers not conforming to seawater-freshwater hydraulic gradient. In some aquifers far from the coast, saline water was dominant, while in some others, freshwater 30 m thick showed groundwater potential. Land transformation is believed to have changed the island's hydrogeology, which receives saltwater pressure all the time, limiting freshwater recharge to the groundwater system. The time-lapse resistivity measurements showed active salinity changes at resistivity-image bottom moving up the image for two seasons' (wet and dry) conditions. The salinity changes are believed to have been caused by incremental tide passing through highly porous material in the active-salinity-change area. The study's results were used to plan a strategy for sustainable groundwater exploration of the island. 相似文献
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Mutahharah M. Mokhtar Rozainee M. Taib 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(8):867-878
The Proposed New Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulation 201X (Draft), which replaces the Malaysia Environmental Quality (Clean Air) 1978, specifies limits to additional pollutants from power generation using fossil fuel. The new pollutants include Hg, HCl, and HF with limits of 0.03, 100, and 15 mg/N-m3 at 6% O2, respectively. These pollutants are normally present in very small concentrations (known as trace elements [TEs]), and hence are often neglected in environmental air quality monitoring in Malaysia. Following the enactment of the new regulation, it is now imperative to understand the TEs behavior and to assess the capability of the existing abatement technologies to comply with the new emission limits. This paper presents the comparison of TEs behavior of the most volatile (Hg, Cl, F) and less volatile (As, Be, Cd, Cr, Ni, Se, Pb) elements in subbituminous and bituminous coal and coal combustion products (CCP) (i.e., fly ash and bottom ash) from separate firing of subbituminous and bituminous coal in a coal-fired power plant in Malaysia. The effect of air pollution control devices configuration in removal of TEs was also investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of abatement technologies used in the plant. This study showed that subbituminous and bituminous coals and their CCPs have different TEs behavior. It is speculated that ash content could be a factor for such diverse behavior. In addition, the type of coal and the concentrations of TEs in feed coal were to some extent influenced by the emission of TEs in flue gas. The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and seawater flue gas desulfurization (FGD) used in the studied coal-fired power plant were found effective in removing TEs in particulate and vapor form, respectively, as well as complying with the new specified emission limits.
Implications:Coals used by power plants in Peninsular Malaysia come from the same supplier (Tenaga Nasional Berhad Fuel Services), which is a subsidiary of the Malaysia electricity provider (Tenaga Nasional Berhad). Therefore, this study on trace elements behavior in a coal-fired power plant in Malaysia could represent emission from other plants in Peninsular Malaysia. By adhering to the current coal specifications and installation of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and flue gas desulfurization, the plants could comply with the limits specified in the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) Scheduled Waste Guideline for bottom ash and fly ash and the Proposed New Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulation 201X (Draft). 相似文献
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Gasmi Salim Rouabhi Rachid Kebieche Mohamed Boussekine Samira Salmi Aya Toualbia Nadjiba Taib Chahinez Bouteraa Zina Chenikher Hajer Henine Sara Djabri Belgacem 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(19):16440-16457
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present work is to evaluate the neurotoxicity induced by pyrethroid insecticide “Deltamethrin” at 0.32 mg/kg/day in two main... 相似文献
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J. M. Lee Z. A. Mohd Ishak R. Mat Taib T. T. Law M. Z. Ahmad Thirmizir 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(1):293-302
The use of composites made from non-biodegradable conventional plastic materials (e.g., polypropylene, PP) is creating global environmental concern. Biodegradable plastics such as poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) are sought after to reduce plastic waste accumulation. Unfortunately, these types of plastics are very costly; therefore, natural lignocellulosic fibers are incorporated to reduce the cost. Kenaf fibers are also incorporated into PP and PBS for reinforcing purposes and they have low densities, high specific properties and renewable sourcing. However without good compatibilization, the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fibers is poor due to differences in polarity between the two materials. Maleic anhydride-grafted compatibilizers may be introduced into the system to improve the matrix-fiber interactions. The overall mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties of PP and PBS composites prepared with 30 vol.% short kenaf fibers (KFs) using a twin-screw extruder were being investigated in this study. The flexural properties for both types of composites were enhanced by the addition of compatibilizer, with improvements of 56 and 16 % in flexural strength for the PP/KF and PBS/KF composites, respectively. Good matrix-fiber adhesion was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. However, the thermal stability of the PBS/KF composites was lower than that of the PP/KF composites. This result was confirmed by both DSC and TGA thermal analysis tests. The water absorption at equilibrium of a PBS composite filled with KFs is inherently lower than of a PP/KF composite because the water molecules more readily penetrate the PP composites through existing voids between the fibers and the matrix. Based on this research, it can be concluded that PBS/KF composites are good candidates for replacing PP/KF composites in applications whereby biodegradability is essential and no extreme thermal and moisture exposures are required. 相似文献
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M. Z. Ahmad Thirmizir Z. A. Mohd Ishak R. Mat Taib S. Rahim S. Mohamad Jani 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):263-273
Natural weathering was performed on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its kenaf bast fibre (KBF) filled composites by exposing
the specimens to a tropical climate for a period of 6 months (max–min temperature: 31.5–23.9 °C; relative humidity: 78.9%).
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of KBF loading and the addition of maleated PBS compatibiliser (PBSgMA)
on the performance of the composites under natural weathering. As expected, the flexural properties of both the uncompatibilised
and compatibilised composites dropped with increasing exposure time. The weathered specimens were also assessed by colour
change analysis, FTIR spectroscopy analysis and SEM examination. The total colour change, ΔE
ab
, of both the uncompatibilised and compatibilised composites increased with weathering time. FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirmed
the presence of oxidation products such as hydroxyl, carbonyl and vinyl species in the weathered uncompatibilised and compatibilised
composites. SEM examination revealed the presence of surface defects such as cracking, tiny holes and degraded fibre, which
explain the poor performance of the composites upon weathering. 相似文献
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Environmentally sustainable applications of agro-based spent mushroom substrate (SMS): an overview 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fatimah Hafifah Mohd Hanafi Shahabaldin Rezania Shazwin Mat Taib Mohd Fadhil Md Din Masahito Yamauchi Mariko Sakamoto Hirofumi Hara Junboum Park Shirin Shafiei Ebrahimi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(3):1383-1396
Agricultural wastes such as lignocellulosic residues are renewable resources can be used for mushroom cultivation. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is defined as leftover of biomass generated by commercial mushroom industries after harvesting period of mushroom. Mushroom cultivation using agricultural wastes promises a good quality of SMS for producing beneficial products such as animal feeding and fertilizers. Based on the published papers, the major applications of SMS are animal feedstock, fertilizer, energy production and wastewater treatment. For instance, some species of mushroom such as Pleurotus spp. and Agaricus bisporus are suitable for applications of ruminant feedstock and fertilizers. This paper reviews the recent studies about the beneficial usage of SMS which is considered as a waste since 2013. 相似文献
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