Transverse distribution of the streamwise velocity for the open-channel flow with floating vegetated islands

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Floating vegetation islands (FVIs) have been widely utilized in various river ecological restoration projects due to their ability to purify...     

An insight into the drag effect of water,land, and energy on economic growth across space and time: the application of improved Solow growth model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Economies that depend on natural resources can experience a resource drag effect when economic growth is limited by constraints on the availability of...     

Sorption kinetic characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on natural soils

Sorption kinetic characteristics of BDE-28 and BDE-47 on five natural soils with different organic carbon fractions were investigated, and could be satisfactorily described by a two (fast and slow)-compartment first-order model with the ratio of rate constants ranged from 9 to 94 times. The fast compartment made a dominant contribution (71% ∼ 94%) to the total sorption amount in the whole process, and accounted for over 90% of the increase in the total sorption amount at initial 5 h. The influence of the slow compartment on the increase in the total sorption amount became principal (above 90%) in the subsequent stage approximately from 9 h or 25 h to the apparent equilibrium at 265 h. The results proposed the different sorption behaviors of the mathematically classified compartments for BDE-28 and BDE-47, which may correspond to the different soil components, such as soil organic fractions with amorphous and condensed structures, respectively.     

全氟/多氟烷基化合物在水环境中污染现状

文章基于产业结构和经济发展水平,将中国水环境分为6个区域,简述了全氟/多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)物理化学性质,分析了各区域水环境PFASs污染水平、组成特点、来源解析与时空分布特征,将污染程度从高至低排序:东三省>京津冀>长三角>珠三角>华中>华西。基于研究现状,探讨了PFASs水环境中亟待解决的热点问题,对未来的研究聚焦方向提出了如下建议与展望:根据链长度和同分异构体,建立对PFASs污染水平和毒性效应的系统认识;着重关注饮用水PFASs污染水平,以明确评估其人体健康危害;针对PFASs治理手段,进一步研究其实际应用情况。     

水-土体系中溶解有机质对菲解吸动力学的影响

土壤解吸过程是影响污染物生物有效性和土壤修复的重要因素.采用人工添加方法制备加菲(PHE)老化1个月的土壤.考察水-土体系中溶解有机质(DOM)对PHE解吸动力学的影响和相互关系.结果表明.DOM与PHE的解吸释放浓度表现出相似的先增后减、最后趋于平衡的动力学过程(双尾显著性水平0.000,Spearman 秩相关系数0.778).PHE 解吸动力学常数量级的变化范围在10-5～10-6s-1之间,而且转折变化发生在峰值释放量所对应的时间点(2.5 h 左右).另外,紫外光谱表征参数E4/E6<5说明解吸进入水相的 DOM 主要为胡敏酸,另一参数A254,SUV 的变化趋势与PHE解吸动力学过程相一致.在不同pH条件下,PHE解吸浓度的关系为:碱性>中性>酸性.因酸性条件下溶解释放的胡敏酸(DHA)发生沉淀而无法判定其与PHE释放浓度的相关性;在其它pH条件下DOM、A254,,SUV>都分别与PHE的解吸浓度显著相关.这些结果说明DOM是影响PHE解吸动力学的重要因素.     

不同土壤耕作方式下秸秆还田量对晚稻土壤养分与微生物的影响

在耕翻、少耕和免耕条件下研究了早稻秸秆还田量对晚稻土壤养分与微生物的影响,结果表明,①秸秆还田显著提高土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,对土壤碱解氮含量的提高体现在水稻生育后期;秸秆还田对土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量的提高效果在免耕条件下最好,而对速效钾含量的提高效果在少耕条件下最好;②不同耕作方式下宜实行不同秸秆还田量,就提高有效磷和速效钾含量而言,耕翻和少耕条件下宜实行全部秸秆还田,而免耕条件下宜实行2/3秸秆还田;③秸秆还田使土壤真菌和嫌气性细菌数量减少,放线菌和好气性细菌数量增加;耕翻使土壤真菌和嫌气性细菌数量减少,好气性细菌数量增加;④土壤耕作有利于晚稻生育前期与后期土壤微生物活度的提高,秸秆还田量对土壤微生物活度的影响在不同耕作方式下表现不同,耕翻条件下以2/3还田量处理的土壤微生物活度最高,而少免耕条件下1/3还田量处理最高.     

炼油化工污水处理中活性污泥膨胀原因分析

针对工业废水采用普通活性污泥法处理易出现的丝状菌型污泥膨胀,分析和总结出五种主要膨胀类型:低负荷型、低溶解氧型、营养缺乏型、高硫化物型、pH值不平衡型。对污泥负荷、溶解氧、污水种类、营养成分及pH值和温度的变化等因素对污泥膨胀中菌胶团和丝状菌生长的相互影响进行阐述,给出污泥膨胀理论,并对不同类型的污泥膨胀提出相应的控制方法。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in surface soils from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Eighty eight surface soil samples were collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites (DDXs) and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs). The measured concentrations were 51.8 ± 38.5 ng g(-1), 0.329 ± 0.818 ng g(-1), and 0.467 ± 0.741 ng g(-1) as means and standard deviations of PAHs, DDXs, and HCHs, respectively, which were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those reported for eastern China. Significant differences were also revealed among four sub-areas within QTP. PAHs detected in the samples from the remote sub-areas of T'ang-ku-la/Hoh Xil Mountains and along the Qinghai-Tibet highway in the west and northwest of QTP were 1 order of magnitude lower than those from Lhasa and east Qinghai. The differences in soil OCPs among the sub-areas were 2-7 times. Soil PAHs were significantly correlated with emission density and soil organic carbon content (SOC), while OCPs were correlated significantly with the population density and SOC. Based on the calculated backward air mass trajectories and geographical distributions of emission and population, it was revealed that PAHs and OCPs accumulated in the soils in the west and northwest QTP were primarily from long-range transport and may represent the background levels of East Asia. This part of QTP can also serve as an important receptor area for regional or even global long-range transport study. The elevated concentrations of PAHs and OCPs in Lhasa and east Qinghai were mainly from local sources, while PAHs from adjacent Lanzhou area also contributed considerably to the accumulation of PAHs in east Qinghai.     

机械活化煤气化细渣资源化利用及残碳燃烧反应动力学探究

随着我国煤气化技术的快速发展,气化渣的产生和排放量逐年增加.煤气化细渣的大量堆存,给当地的环境保护造成了巨大的压力,已经成为限制煤化工产业基地可持续发展急需解决的重大问题.本文针对气化细渣中残碳反应活性低和转化难度大的问题,研究了机械活化法对气化渣残碳反应动力学的影响.采用Coats-Redfern法分析了机械活化对残碳反应活化能的作用规律.结果表明,机械活化8 h,残碳燃烧反应活性显著提高,650℃下的活化能由63.2 k J·mol^-1降到28.4 k J·mol^-1.不添加其他化学试剂,1000℃烧制高强度轻质陶粒,其堆积密度为0.867 g·cm^-3,筒压强度为7.67 MPa.相关研究可以为我国气化细渣的资源化利用提供一定的数据和技术基础.     

不同地域天然伊利石表面酸碱特性的比较

利用电位滴定技术和恒定容量表面络合模式表征不同来源天然伊利石的表面酸碱性质。鉴于固体基质在酸量滴定过程中发生溶解，相应的滴定上清液被视为体系空白。考虑到水解铝、硅酸和伊利石表面活性位之间的表面络合或沉淀反应，提出两种表面质子反应模型。对其中的特例，还考虑了表面离子交换反应。模拟程序的拟合结果显示两种模型对水解伊利石体系的滴定行为均可获得满意的描述。相的的表面固有酸度常数表明样品的酸碱性质之间存在一些共性。