Distribution and transport characteristics of fine particulate matter in beijing with mobile lidar measurements from 2015 to 2018

Accurately quantifying the concentration and transport flux of atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_2.5) is vital when attempting to thoroughly identify the pollution formation mechanism.In this study,the mobile lidar measurements in Beijing on heavily polluted days in December from 2015 to 2018 are presented.The lidar was mounted on a vehicle,which could perform measurements along designated routes.On the basis of mobile lidar measurements along closed circuits of the 6 th Ring Road...     

长江流域的鱼类资源及其保护对策

长江水系的鱼类约有300种,其中鲤科鱼类占半数以上,主要的经济鱼类多数属于鲤科。对不同江段的鱼类资源作了简介,并提出了相应的保护措施。上游江段以维护生物多样性,保护特有种为主,需要建立鱼类自然保护区;中游应保证主要经济鱼类的自然繁殖条件,加强珍稀鱼类的人工繁殖放流工作,同时对湖泊幼鱼资源进行保护;下游应注意保持江水质量,严格遵守工业废水排放标准;河口江段应规定幼鲟保护期,建议每年6月15日至7月31日停止一切损害幼鲟资源的渔捞作业。     

金属矿山采选项目的环境管理制度执行情况及问题分析

介绍了金属矿山项目的一般环境影响及特殊环境影响,通过识别金属矿山的特殊环境影响,以金属矿山尾矿库溃坝事故为例,对金属矿山项目环境管理制度执行情况及在管理过程中存在的问题进行了分析。尽管在矿山开采建设及服务过程都伴随着环境制度的监管,但是在实际运行过程中仍会出现不同的问题,产生环境污染影响与生态影响。因此,识别出金属矿山项目采选易发生的环境问题,在开发矿产资源的同时做好矿山环境保护及管理工作、加强矿山环境制度建设及环境监管是非常必要的。     

New insights into different surfactants’ impacts on sludge fermentation: Focusing on the particular metabolic processes and microbial genetic traits

• The promoting effects for VFA generation follow the order of APG>SDBS>HTAB. • Surfactants improve the WAS solubilization/hydrolysis and acidification processes. • The VFA promotion is associated with surfactants’ distinctive characteristics. • Surfactants induce the enrichment of functional bacteria for VFA biosynthesis. • The vital genes for substrates delivery, metabolism, and VFA yields are upregulated. Surfactants were expected to exhibit positive effects on the waste activated sludge (WAS) disposal. However, the systematic comparison of different categories of surfactants on the WAS fermentation and the functional mechanisms, especially microbial metabolic traits, have not yet been precisely explored. This study revealed the positive effects of different surfactants on the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, which followed the order of alkyl polysaccharides (APG)>sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)>hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB). Mechanistic exploration found that the presence of different surfactants improved solubilization and hydrolysis steps, and then contributed to the subsequent acidification with different efficiencies. The functional microorganisms associated with VFA generation were enriched in surfactant-conditioned reactors. Metagenomic analysis further indicated that the key genes involved in the particular process of VFA generation were over-expressed. The simultaneous bioavailable substrate improvement, functional bacterial enrichment, and metabolic activity upregulation induced by different surfactants jointly contributed to VFA promotion during WAS fermentation. This study could provide a comprehensive realization of surfactants’ impacts on the WAS fermentation process, and more importantly, it reminded the public to discern the distinct interplaying effects induced by different chemicals in regulating the WAS disposal and resource recovery.     

Fabrication of novel bio-adsorbent and its application for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As eco-friendly adsorption material, hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH, HA) has been extensively applied to the removal of heavy metal ions. However,...     

美国光化学污染监测的经验与启示

针对光化学污染的严峻形势,中国应尽快建立国家层面的光化学监测网络,完善光化学监测的技术体系与质量管理体系,为重点地区光化学污染防治工作提供监测数据支持。研究在总结美国光化学评估监测网络发展历程、运行及其监测目标、技术体系和质量管理体系的基础上,提出了明确光化学监测目标、制定优先监测VOCs名单、完善光化学监测技术体系和质量管理体系、建立光化学监测数据共享平台以及开展VOCs源解析等建设中国光化学监测网络的具体建议。     

联网激光雷达的观测性能综合平行比对

激光雷达以其高精度的探测能力在大气污染研究中得到了广泛应用。由于生产厂家和反演算法等的差异,激光雷达观测数据的质量参差不齐。笔者利用2013年11月和2014年3月2种不同型号激光雷达(高频激光雷达和微脉冲激光雷达) 532 nm波段的气溶胶消光系数和气溶胶自动观测网(AERONET)光学厚度数据,对2部雷达在不同空气质量下的观测性能进行综合对比。结果表明:2部雷达在不同空气质量条件下探测效果不同,空气质量为优和良时,2部雷达的消光系数比较一致,偏差主要在1 km以下;随着污染加剧,2部雷达在1 km以下的偏差先减小后增大,1 km以上的偏差随高度增大。与AERONET的光学厚度相比,高频激光雷达在轻度污染和严重污染时相对误差较小(3. 23%和26. 75%);微脉冲激光雷达在良和轻度污染时相对误差较小(40. 00%和25. 81%)。2部雷达设备的差异和重污染时不利的气象条件是影响雷达表现的重要原因。该研究作为全国激光雷达联网的前期工作,为全国激光雷达数据的综合应用提供了参考。     

北京市城区挥发性有机物污染特征及其对臭氧影响分析

对2020年4月—2021年3月北京市建成区挥发性有机物(VOCs)的化学特征、污染来源及其对臭氧(O₃)污染的影响进行了研究。结果显示:O₃日最大8 h滑动平均值在臭氧季(4—9月)均值为134μg/m³,是非臭氧季(10月至次年3月)均值(59.6μg/m³)的2.2倍。臭氧季VOCs体积浓度均值为14.3×10^-9,明显低于非臭氧季(21.1×10^-9),可能与光化学反应速率和VOCs来源的季节性差异有关。臭氧生成潜势(OFP)贡献率排名前10位的物种在臭氧季和非臭氧季相似,均包括间/对-二甲苯、甲苯、乙烯、邻二甲苯、异戊烷、正丁烷、丙烯、反式-2-丁烯和1,2,4-三甲基苯,但排名有所差异,燃煤源特征明显的乙烯等物种在非臭氧季上升明显,与溶剂使用、油气挥发相关的间/对二甲苯、甲苯、异戊烷和正丁烷等物种在臭氧季上升明显。甲苯/苯的值和异戊烷/正戊烷的值在臭氧季明显高于非臭氧季,反映出机动车排放和油气挥发等在臭氧季影响突出,非臭氧季是燃煤影响显著。基于...     

Monitoring of Potential carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic compounds in the emission from coal combustion

ＭｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｏｆＰｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｃａｒｃｉｎｏｇｅｎｉｃｐｏｌｙｃｙｃｌｉｃａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｉｎｔｈｅｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｃｏａｌｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎＣｕｉＷｅｎｘｕａｎ，ＹａｏＷｅｉｘｉ，ＸｕＸｉａｏｂａｉ（Ｒｅｓｅ...     

水稻品种对CH_4产生、排放及δ~(13)CH_4的影响

水稻品种是调控CH4产生和排放的关键因素。关于水稻品种对稻田产生和排放CH4的稳定性碳同位素组成(δ13CH4)的影响研究鲜见报道。通过温室盆栽和室内培养试验并结合稳定性碳同位素方法,研究了持续淹水条件下4个水稻生育期镇稻624、农香98和中早33的土壤CH4产生潜力、土壤溶液CH4浓度、CH4排放通量及产生、排放CH4的δ13C值,为最终筛选优质高产且低CH4排放的水稻品种提供CH4排放相关过程及其稳定性碳同位素方面的参考数据。结果表明:在分蘖期和拔节期,镇稻624和农香98的土壤CH4产生潜力显著高于中早33,在灌浆期和成熟期显著小于后者(P0.05)。三者土壤CH4产生潜力、土壤溶液CH4浓度最高值和土壤Eh的最低值依次出现在拔节期(2.6μg·g-1·d-1,346.9μmol·L-1,-296 m V)、拔节期(3.2μg·g-1·d-1,425.9μmol·L-1,-316 m V)和灌浆期(2.4μg·g-1·d-1、435.2μmol·L-1,-308 m V)。各品种土壤CH4产生潜力均与相应土壤溶液中CH4浓度显著正相关(P0.01),且与土壤Eh显著负相关(P0.01)。镇稻624和农香98在分蘖盛期CH4排放通量最大(67.1和68.7 mg·m-2·h-1),中早33则在拔节期(58.5 mg·m-2·h-1)。各品种CH4季节排放总量依次为55.29、55.74和40.82 g·m-2,前二者无显著差异,显著高于中早33,这可能是镇稻624和农香98的土壤CH4产生潜力在分蘖期和拔节期显著大于中早33,而各品种CH4排放又相对集中在分蘖期和拔节期的缘故。相关分析表明,各生育期CH4排放通量与相应的土壤CH4产生潜力显著正相关(P0.01)。可见水稻品种通过影响土壤的CH4产生,进而影响稻田CH4的排放。镇稻624和中早33土壤产生CH4的δ13C值从约-67.0‰增至-55.5‰,农香98则先减后增,范围为-64.2‰~-52.9‰,这说明镇稻624和中早33的土壤CH4产生途径差异较小,而二者与农香98差异较大。各品种排放CH4的δ13C值均先减后增,分别为-67.6‰~-48.5‰、-73.0‰~-47.3‰和-60.9‰~-46.7‰,季节平均值依次为-52.7‰、-52.5‰和-54.8‰。总体上,水稻品种影响排放δ13CH4值的季节变化。