防范化解区域生态环境风险的技术支撑及研究展望

生态环境安全是国家安全的重要组成部分.当前,生态环境风险已经成为社会主要风险源之一,为做好生态环境风险防范化解工作,着力打造"山清水秀、美丽宜居"的生态环境,文章在识别区域生态环境问题的基础上,提出了通过建立环境风险防控重点实验室,系统研究区域环境风险防控技术体系的构想,以期为防范化解区域生态环境风险提供技术支撑.     

环境风险预警方法与应急成套装备的应用展望

介绍了环境风险预警方法建立的环境风险预警指标体系、环境风险源管理平台、环境风险源风险评估技术方法以及模块式应急成套装备的技术特点等;分析了环境风险预警方法与应急成套设备在危险化学品环境风险与应急管理,在区域大气环境挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)监控预警等方面的实际需求。面临现实的环境风险状况从环境风险防控与应急工程技术研究中心建设角度提出了需进一步完善、开发的环境风险预测预警技术与应急成套装备等新思路。     

浅部地下洞穴散射瑞利波对表观相速度影响

均匀半无限体中表面源激发的瑞利波能量在介质浅部占主导地位。当前行瑞利波遇浅部洞穴时,瑞利波在洞穴发生散射。以洞穴作参照位置,波场沿前行波方向可依次分为前方、上方、后方三个区域。前方远场散射波以反射瑞利波为主,传播特性与入射波相同;当洞穴几何参数满足一定条件,上方散射波可形成与兰姆波传播特性类似的导波;后方远场由透射瑞利波主导。受散射波影响,表面波场表观相速度出现扰动,不同位置扰动特征不同,若测线下方有浅部洞穴存在,由不同位置相速度扰动特征差异,可预测洞穴方位,由前方相速度特征扰动对应波长可预测洞穴埋深。     

Developmental toxicity of cypermethrin in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish

Cypermethrin, a type II pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used throughout the world in agriculture, forestry, horticulture and homes. Though the neurotoxicity of cypermethrin has been thoroughly studied in adult rodents, little is so far available regarding the developmental toxicity of cypermethrin to fish in early life stages. To explore the potential developmental toxicity of cypermethrin, 4-h post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of cypermethrin (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg L⁻¹) until 96 h. Among a suite of morphological abnormalities, the unique phenotype curvature was observed at concentrations as low as 25 μg L⁻¹. Studies revealed that 400 μg L⁻¹ cypermethrin significantly increased malondialdehyde production. In addition, activity of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly induced in zebrafish larvae in a concentration-dependent manner. To further investigate the toxic effects of cypermethrin on fish, acridine orange (AO) staining was performed at 400 μg L⁻¹ cypermethrin and the result showed notable signs of apoptosis mainly in the nervous system. Cypermethrin also down-regulated ogg1 and increased p53 gene expression as well as the caspase-3 activity. Our results demonstrate that cypermethrin was able to induce oxidative stress and produce apoptosis through the involvement of caspases in zebrafish embryos. In this study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of cypermethrin using zebrafish embryos, which could be helpful in fully understanding the potential mechanisms of cypermethrin exposure during embryogenesis and also suggested that zebrafish could serve as an ideal model for studying developmental toxicity of environmental contaminants.     

煤焦油沥青污染特性分析研究

以山西某煤焦油深加工企业产生的煤焦油沥青为研究对象,采用气相-质谱联用仪分析美国环保局列出的优先控制的16种多环芳烃,讨论了多环芳烃的组分、环数分布及等效致癌毒性等。采用BCR连续提取方法,分析了重金属的形态分布特征。结果表明,煤沥青中16种多环芳烃主要以低环(2～3环)和中环(4环)为主,高致突变性物质、致癌性物质总含量均超过国家标准规定的限值;煤沥青的总BaP等效毒性浓度为2 746.46 mg/kg,高于煤焦油之外的其他煤化工残渣,具有潜在致癌性;煤焦油沥青中重金属含量大小排序为PbCrZnNiCuCdSe;Pb、Cd的残渣态略占优势,Cu和Cr的氧化态含量略高,Ni的还原态含量最高,Zn的氧化态最高。     

Temporal trends of the association between temperature variation and hospitalizations for schizophrenia in Hefei,China from 2005 to 2019: a time-varying distribution lag nonlinear model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Along with climate change, unstable weather patterns are becoming more frequent. However, the temporal trend associated with the effect of temperature...