黄淮海平原水浇地、旱地不同熟制的气候资源利用

为了合理利用气候资源,提高土地生产力,探索适合我国国情与黄淮海平原的种植制度,1980—1984年期间在平原北部(北京)水浇地上连续进行了五年田间试验,1983年和1984年两年又增加了水浇地与旱地对比,并在平原中部黑龙港地区的北京农业大学曲周试验站及平原南部属黄淮平原的河南省淮阳县增加了两个点。试验设水浇地和旱地两部分,各有一年一熟(冬小麦、春玉米和春大豆)和一年两熟(冬小麦复播玉米、冬小麦套播玉米和冬小麦复播大豆)。栽培管理按当地中上水平进行。     

Polystyrene nanoplastics affect growth and microcystin production of Microcystis aeruginosa

Nanoplastics are widely distributed in freshwater environments, but few studies have addressed their effects on freshwater algae, especially on harmful algae. In this study, the effects of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) growth, as well as microcystin (MC) production and release, were investigated over the whole growth period. The results show that PS nanoplastics caused a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on M. aeruginosa growth and a dose-dependent increase in the aggregation rate peaking at 60.16% and 46.34%, respectively, when the PS nanoplastic concentration was 100 mg/L. This caused significant growth of M. aeruginosa with a specific growth rate up to 0.41 d^?1 (50 mg/L PS nanoplastics). After a brief period of rapid growth, the tested algal cells steadily grew. In addition, the increase in PS nanoplastics concentration promoted the production and release of MC. When the PS nanoplastic concentration was 100 mg/L, the content of the intracellular (intra-) and extracellular (extra-) MC increased to 199.1 and 166.5 μg/L, respectively, on day 26, which was 31.4% and 31.1% higher, respectively, than the control. Our results provide insights into the action mechanism of nanoplastics on harmful algae and the potential risks to freshwater environments.

     

Geochemistry of heavy metal-contaminated sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concentrations of major and trace elements in the sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting Lake were analysed. The results show that the...     

Effects of free ammonia on volatile fatty acid accumulation and process performance in the anaerobic digestion of two typical bio-wastes

The effect of free ammonia on volatile fatty acid(VFA)accumulation and process instability was studied using a lab-scale anaerobic digester fed by two typical bio-wastes:fruit and vegetable waste(FVW)and food waste(FW)at 35°C with an organic loading rate(OLR)of 3.0 kg VS/(m~3·day). The inhibitory effects of free ammonia on methanogenesis were observed due to the low C/N ratio of each substrate(15.6 and 17.2,respectively). A high concentration of free ammonia inhibited methanogenesis resulting in the accumulation of VFAs and a low methane yield. In the inhibited state,acetate accumulated more quickly than propionate and was the main type of accumulated VFA. The co-accumulation of ammonia and VFAs led to an "inhibited steady state" and the ammonia was the main inhibitory substance that triggered the process perturbation. By statistical significance test and VFA fluctuation ratio analysis,the free ammonia inhibition threshold was identified as 45 mg/L. Moreover,propionate,iso-butyrate and valerate were determined to be the three most sensitive VFA parameters that were subject to ammonia inhibition.     

PEM式臭氧消毒在地上游泳池水处理中的应用

采用臭氧法水处理系统对地上游泳池的循环水进行灭菌消毒,研究了臭氧用量、循环水流量和运行时间等因素对臭氧法灭菌效果的影响。结果表明,3组PEM臭氧发生器应用于21.2 m3的地上游泳池,在4 m3/h的循环水流量下运行12 h后,水中的细菌总数与大肠杆菌群数达到国家标准,去除率均在99%以上。与盐电解法水处理系统相比较,臭氧法水处理系统的优势在于:杀菌快速高效、出水水质的理化指标较好和运行费用低廉。     

论代表性的涵义及工业废水重点源采样方案的设计原则

数据代表性是指监测结果在表征被监测对象特性时所能达到的真实程度;样品代表性是指局部体现整体时所能达到的真实程度。加密监测是重点原调查的质量基础,不能简化行事。监督性监测中,通过测定流量比例混合样来获取总量控制所必需的漉量加权平均值浓度数据,并以此来减小工作量。为满足浓度控制需要,时间—浓度确定型废水的峰浓度样应单独测定。     

北京市门头沟风化煤矸石中汞的赋存形态与溶出特征分析

为探究堆积煤矸石所产生的重金属的污染问题,本文以北京市门头沟5个典型矿区为研究对象,采集矸石山堆积表面风化煤矸石共45个样品,分析测试矸石样品中汞(Hg)的含量,对不同理化性质下各重金属的变化规律进行了初步探讨;利用改进BCR连续提取法,研究样品中Hg的赋存形态,分析其生物可利用性;采用富集因子法、地累积指数法、风险编...     

钙基脱硫剂孔隙网络动态生成特性

钙基脱硫剂孔隙结构特性直接影响到脱硫效果及脱硫剂的利用率,对其空间网络特性的描述将有助于分析SO2的扩散及反应特性. 在石灰石分解动力学和烧结机理的基础上,结合固体分解的成核机理,运用Monte-Carlo 方法,建立了脱硫剂孔隙网络的动态生成模型,对钙基脱硫剂分解形成的孔隙结构进行了动态模拟,并对生成孔结构的分形特性进行研究.结果表明,运用动态生成模型,可以给出石灰石分解形成的CaO内部孔隙的微观空间结构,且模拟生成的孔隙网络的分形维数与实验测定值基本吻合.     

异源精子激发彭泽鲫雌核发育产生的子一代及亲本RAPD分析

对异精激发彭泽鲫雌核发育产生的子一代及双亲进行ＲＡＰＤ 分析,发现异育彭泽鲫子一代中含有少数与父本相同而与母本相异的特异条带．尖鳍鲤、须鲫激发产生的异育彭泽鲫后代与彭泽鲫母本相似率分别为９４．９６％ 、９４．７０ ％ ;与尖鳍鲤、须鲫父本相似率分别为２３．４６％ 、２１ ．０５％ ．结果表明,从基因水平检验,彭泽鲫已不再是完全的母性遗传,异育彭泽鲫基因组ＤＮＡ中可能带有部分异源父本基因组ＤＮＡ的特性     

大气环境科学综合数据采集共享平台建设及应用研究

为实现大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目数据的统一管理和数据共享,基于美国电子政务共享框架（Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework,FEA）方法论和数据中台思想,采用JAVA平台和SOA框架,以大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目科研数据为主,整合全社会大气科学数据资源,面向京津冀、汾渭平原大气污染成因与治理改善分析的核心业务需求,建设集多源异构数据采集、治理、共享、分析、发布于一体的大气环境科学数据采集与共享平台;建立完善的线上数据治理流程,采用多种算法实现大气业务数据集的实时质控;采用分级、分权限的数据共享机制和共享接口动态编辑技术,建立一站式数据枢纽.结果表明:①建立大气科学数据规范分类体系,提供从原始数据、二次数据产品、大气攻关信息发布等多种类型的数据共享服务.②建立海量多源异构综合数据集,包括空气质量、组分、污染源、气象、健康等11类,数据总量4.3 TB,包括7.5亿条数据和66万个文件.③开发交互式GIS服务和线上评估分析工具,实现环境空气质量评估、气象影响分析、组分变化、污染源统计四类主题数据服务.④向大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目各课题组、七省（市）提供多种形式共享,开放104个数据接口,实现21亿条数据、2万份文件、15个专题共享,有力地支撑了大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目的各项研究.