Penetration of polar brominated DBPs through the activated carbon columns during total organic bromine analysis

Total organic bromine (TOBr) is a collective parameter representing all the brominated organic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water samples. TOBr can be measured using the adsorption-pyrolysis method according to Standard Method 5320B. This method involves that brominated organic DBPs are separated from inorganic halides and concentrated from aqueous solution by adsorption onto the activated carbon (AC). Previous studies have reported that some commonly known brominated DBPs can partially penetrate through the AC during this adsorption step. In this work, the penetration of polar brominated DBPs through AC and ozone-modified AC was explored with two simulated drinking water samples and one chlorinated wastewater effluent sample. Polar brominated DBPs were selectively detected with a novel precursor ion scan method using electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results show that 3.4% and 10.4% of polar brominated DBPs (in terms of total ion intensity) in the chlorinated Suwannee River fulvic acid and humic acid samples, respectively, penetrated through the AC, and 19.6% of polar brominated DBPs in the chlorinated secondary wastewater effluent sample penetrated through the AC. The ozone-modification of AC minimized the penetration of polar brominated DBPs during the TOBr analysis.     

开发小区交通噪声环境影响分析技术探讨

经济开发区小区的建设会给区域噪声环境带来与单项工程建设不同的和更大的影响，其中交通噪声是区域环境噪声的重点，文章探讨了开发小区交通运输噪声环境影响分析与车流量预测和噪声预测的几种技术方法。     

Whole pictures of halogenated disinfection byproducts in tap water from China’s cities

When bromide/iodide is present in source water, hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid will be formed with addition of chlorine, chloramine, or other disinfectants. Hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid undergoes reactions with natural organic matter in source water to form numerous brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this study, tap water samples were collected from eight cities in China. With the aid of electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry by setting precursor ion scans of m/z 35, m/z 81, and m/z 126.9, whole pictures of polar chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples were revealed for the first time. Numerous polar halogenated DBPs were detected, including haloacetic acids, newly identified halogenated phenols, and many new/unknown halogenated compounds. Total organic chlorine, total organic bromine, and total organic iodine were also measured to indicate the total levels of all chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples. The total organic chlorine concentrations ranged from 26.8 to 194.0 μg·L^–1 as Cl, with an average of 109.2 μg·L^–1 as Cl; the total organic bromine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 113.3 μg·L^–1 as Br, with an average of 34.7 μg·L^–1 as Br; the total organic iodine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 16.4 μg·L^–1 as I, with an average of 9.1 μg·L^–1 as I; the total organic halogen concentrations ranged from 31.3 to 220.4 μg·L^–1 as Cl, with an average of 127.2 μg·L^–1 as Cl.     

沙雷氏菌发酵蓝藻生产蛋白酶

以富含蛋白质的蓝藻作有机氮源进行微生物发酵生产蛋白酶,为蓝藻的资源化利用提供一条新途径。采用单因素实验,研究了影响沙雷氏菌发酵蓝藻生产蛋白酶的培养基主要成分。结果发现,在实验范围内,沙雷氏菌发酵蓝藻生产蛋白酶的最佳碳源是蔗糖,最佳速效氮源是尿素,最佳金属离子(盐)是ZnSO4,最佳产酶促进剂是吐温80。在单因素实验中,发酵上清液的蛋白酶活最高可达到941 U/mL,而且发酵周期短,发酵培养18 h即可达到最高酶(活)值。     

膜法处理含油废水研究进展

本文简要概述了微滤、超滤和反渗透等膜法处理含油废水的研究进展。     

天津市大港石化工业发展规划区区域废水COD(Cr)总量控制实例分析

 区域废水污染物排放总量控制是当前环境影响评价和环境规划中探讨的重要课题。天津市大港石化发展规划区占地约35km₂，是一个已具一定规模并在迅速发展的石油化工工业区。本文从最终受纳水体开始，采取反向递推分析方式，确定了该规划区区域废水COD_Cr总量控制目标，并分析了该规划区区域废水COD_Cr排放量削减的可行性。     

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on Cold-Chain Food: Precautions Can Effectively Reduce the Risk

Food and Environmental Virology - The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a new era in the world, also in the food safety. Up to now, there is no evidence to suggest that people can infect COVID-19 via...     

制备钙钛矿催化剂LaNiO3用于染料废水的降解脱色

为改善普通石墨电极的电催化性能,将以溶胶-凝胶法合成的钙钛矿氧化物LaNiO3混合其它原料做成气体扩散电极,用于电化学降解活性艳红X-3B,以脱色率来考核催化剂的氧还原活性.采用星点设计-效应面曲线法对催化剂制备工艺进行了优化,得出最佳工艺参数为:柠檬酸含量为金属离子物质的量的1.54倍,pH值为9.94,焙烧温度为824.39℃.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、动电位扫描等检测分析方法对所制备的催化剂进行表征和分析.结果表明,制备的催化剂晶相纯净、晶型完整、衍射峰强度较高,是较完整的钙钛矿结构;相比于普通石墨电极,掺杂催化剂的气体扩散电极极化阻力高,氧还原性能良好,有利于有机物的降解.     

Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液研究进展

常规处理方法难以将垃圾渗滤液中的有毒有害污染物彻底降解去除,需要高级氧化技术对其做进一步处理,Fenton法及其衍生方法处理垃圾渗滤液是具有竞争力的。围绕Fenton法及其衍生的相关方法处理垃圾渗滤液的原理、处理效果和技术发展,综述了该技术的最新研究进展,追踪其发展历史、关键技术步骤和最新技术应用动态;对比分析不同衍生处理方法的优缺点。基于不同垃圾渗滤液以及相应的最优工艺条件,综合考虑安全、经济可行和高去除率等问题,指出复合型以及与其他工艺联用的处理方法具有较好的处理效果和应用价值。对Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的应用前景和重点研究方向进行了展望,以期为该方法在处理垃圾渗滤液中的技术研发和推广应用提供参考。