白云岩石漠化坡地土壤改良盆栽试验研究报道——以种植黑麦草为例

本文针对白云岩坡地土壤漏水、漏肥问题,通过对白云岩坡地土壤施用保水剂和活性炭,开展土壤改良的盆栽试验,探讨保水剂和活性炭对白云岩坡地土壤的理化性质和水分养分流失以及黑麦草生物量的影响。结果表明:(1)通过添加保水剂,可以有效改善土壤理化性质、减少水分渗漏,提高植物可利用水分。添加0.5%和1%的保水剂,渗漏水量和容重明显降低,孔隙度、土壤含水量、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量显著提高,总生物量分别比未添加保水剂处理增加了15.71%和22.79%。(2)添加活性炭,可以有效减少养分淋失,增加农作物产量,缓解白云岩坡地土壤"漏肥"问题。添加3%和5%的活性炭,土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量显著增加,总生物量分别比不添加活性炭处理增加了42.55%和64.76%。(3)保水剂和活性炭的建议添加比例分别为1%和5%。保水剂和活性炭作为土壤改良剂,可以有效改善土壤物理结构,降低土壤水分渗漏量,减少养分漏失,提高作物产量,为白云岩石漠化坡地土壤的"漏水"和"漏肥"问题探寻一种新的解决途径,提高土地生产力。     

Climate change mitigation policy paradigms—national objectives and alignments

The aim of this paper is to assess how policy goals in relation to the promotion of green growth, energy security, pollution control and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions have been aligned in policies that have been implemented in selected countries during the last decades as a basis for discussing how a multi objective policy paradigm can contribute to future climate change mitigation. The paper includes country case studies from Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union (EU), India, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, South Korea and the United States covering renewable energy options, industry, transportation, the residential sector and cross-sectoral policies. These countries and regions together contribute more than two thirds of global GHG emissions. The paper finds that policies that are nationally driven and that have multiple objectives, including climate-change mitigation, have been widely applied for decades in both developing countries and industrialised countries. Many of these policies have a long history, and adjustments have taken place based on experience and cost effectiveness concerns. Various energy and climate-change policy goals have worked together in these countries, and in practice a mix of policies reflecting specific priorities and contexts have been pursued. In this way, climate-change mitigation has been aligned with other policy objectives and integrated into broader policy packages, though in many cases specific attention has not been given to the achievement of large GHG emission reductions. Based on these experiences with policy implementation, the paper highlights a number of key coordination and design issues that are pertinent to the successful joint implementation of several energy and climate-change policy goals.     

China''''s CDM Policies and Their Development Implications:Major Concerns for CDM Implementation

Most CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) opportunities exist in some large industrializing developing countries. For instance, China is estimated to take 48% of the world potential for CDM project activities. In reality, however, the share by China over the CDM projects registered and CDM projects in the pipeline is less than 10% as of Auguest 2005. This paper will examine the reasons behind, as reflected in China's CDM policies. Further investigation will be made into the use of these policies to boost the country's sustainable development, the sustainable development implications and effects of these policies. In addition, it is noted that incompatibility of some other Chinese laws and policies can be responsible for the low level and slow pace of CDM implementation in China and some suggestions are offered for promoting CDM project activities in China. There also exist barriers at the international level that impedes implementation of CDM project activities. A conclusion is drawn that CDM policies in a developing country like China aim mainly at promotion of sustainable development and to a lesser extent the generation of CERs.     

流动注射-分光光度法测定工业废水中的Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋

将Fe^2 与邻菲啰啉的显色反应引入流动注射系统，用盐酸羟胺将Fe^3 预先还原，0～6μg/ml的Fe^2符合比耳定律，检测出限0．11μg／ml。0．25μg／mlFe^2 经5次测定的标准偏差为2．2％，进样频率为120次／h，回收率98．5～104％。对工业废水中铁的测定取得了满意的效果。     

物探公司地震队的HSE管理

相对于其它行业来讲,地震队在安全、健康、环保等各方面的压力都要大得多——这主要是因为地震勘探工作具有很大的特殊性。首先,作业环境特殊（山地森林、江河沼泽、沙漠丘陵等）,极易引发各种事故;其二,作业方式特殊（爆破、震源等）,容易对环境造成破坏;其三,作业性质特殊（风、雨、雪全天候24小时作业等）,容易危害员工身心健康。所以如何做好HSE方面的工作,杜绝事故发生,减少环境污染,促进员工身心健康,保证安全生产顺利进行,就成了摆在地震队面前刻不容缓的一个大问题。     

Synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra of Chlorella vulgaris solution

The characterization of the Chlorella vulgaris solution was carried out using synchronous-scan spectroscopy. The range of concentration of algae and Fe(III) in aqueous solutions were 5 × 10⁸–8 × 10⁹ cells l⁻¹ and 10–60 μM, respectively. Effective characterization method used was synchronous-scan fluorescence spectroscopy. The wavelength difference (Δλ) of 90 nm was maintained between excitation and emission wavelengths; 90 nm was found to be the best Δλ for effective characterization of Chlorella vulgaris solution with or without quencher species (e.g., Fe(III), humic acid (HA)) for the first time. The peak was observed at about EX 236.6 nm/EM 326.6 nm for synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence quenching of algae in system of algae–Fe(III)–HA was studied using synchronous-scan spectroscopy for the first time. Fe(III) was clearly the effective quencher. The relationship between I₀/I (quenching efficiency) and c (concentration of Fe(III) added) was a linear correlation for the algae solution with Fe(III). Also, Aldrich humic acid was found to be an effective quencher. pH effect on synchronous-scan fluorescence intensity of algal solution with Fe(III) and/or HA was evident.     

含鱼腥藻水溶液中17α-乙炔雌二醇光降解

研究了含鱼腥藻 Anabaena HB10 1水溶液中 17α-乙炔雌二醇在 2 5 0 W高压汞灯光照下的光降解 ,并进行了动力学分析 ,研究结果表明 ,水溶液中鱼腥藻 Anabaena HB10 1能促进 17α-乙炔雌二醇光降解 ,随着水溶液中鱼腥藻Anabaena HB10 1的浓度增大 ,其光降解效率也增大 ,表明了鱼腥藻对 17α-乙炔雌二醇光降解有明显的催化作用。同时也研究了在紫外光下的光降解情况 ,结果表明其光降解效率比高压汞灯光照下的光降解效率高 ,总体上讲 ,藻具有催化光降解作用。探讨分析了鱼腥藻 Anabaena HB10 1催化 17α-乙炔雌二醇光降解的作用与机理。     

大气环境中二硫化碳分析方法的选择研究

应用气相色谱Ｎｉ＾６３电子捕获检测器，在用６２０１红色担体为基体，涂１０％ＯＶ－１０１固定液的玻璃柱上，以甲苯作吸收液，对空气中ＣＳ２进行定量检测，其最低检出浓度可达０．００５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，方法精密度好，ＳＯ２和Ｈ２Ｓ等不干扰测定，经现场实际测试，能适用于大气环境中微量ＣＳ２的分析。     

磁性炭微球表面印迹吸附材料的制备及其对氨苄西林识别与选择性吸附

以核桃壳为原料,利用溶剂热法制备了磁性炭微球(MCMs),结合表面印迹技术制备了基于MCMs的磁性炭微球表面分子印迹材料(MMIPs).通过FT-IR、TGA、VSM和TEM等表征手段对其理化性能进行了表征,结果表明MMIPs为球形,印迹聚合层厚度50~80 nm,具有热稳定性和磁稳定性.采用吸附实验研究了MMIPs对AMP的识别与选择性吸附性能.Langmuir等温模型能较好地描述MMIPs对AMP的吸附平衡数据,25℃时MMIPs的单分子层最大吸附容量为40.96 mg·g-1.准二级动力学模型能较好的描述MMIPs对AMP吸附动力学行为.选择性分析结果表明,MMIPs对AMP具有较好地选择识别性,并且MMIPs可以循环使用5次.结合高效液相色谱分析技术,MMIPs已成功应用于牛奶样品中痕量AMP的分离、富集和回收,AMP的回收率为92.78%.