xDLVO理论解析微滤膜海藻酸钠污染中pH值影响机制

用extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek(xDLVO)理论定量解析不同pH值下海藻酸钠微滤膜污染过程中的界面相互作用,评价范德华力(LW)、双电层作用力(EL)、极性力(AB)对海藻酸钠微滤膜污染的相对贡献.结果表明,在pH5~9范围内,AB相互作用能起着关键作用,决定了总界面相互作用能的性质与强度.不同pH值下海藻酸钠微滤膜污染趋势(K)为pH 5 > pH 7 > pH 8 > pH 9. 由于与海藻酸钠之间的界面作用为引力,疏水性膜在过滤初期膜污染更为严重;污染后期亲、疏水性膜污染行为差异不明显,因为此时海藻酸钠之间的排斥性界面作用为主导.初始、后期阶段K值分别与膜-海藻酸钠界面自由能、海藻酸钠-海藻酸钠界面自由能有较强的线性相关性,说明xDLVO理论可以有效预测不同pH值下海藻酸钠微滤膜污染行为.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in food and associated human daily intake assessment considering bioaccessibility measured by simulated gastrointestinal digestion

The concentrations of PBDEs in 299 vegetable and animal-based food samples of 31 species, collected in Shanghai, China, and the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in part of the samples were determined. The PBDE concentrations ranged from 0 to 1245.4 pg g⁻¹ with animal-based food containing more PBDEs than vegetables. The bioaccessibility of PBDEs, determined by a method simulating human gastrointestinal digestion process, were from 2.6% to 39.9% in vegetables, and from 5.2% to 105.3% in animal-based food. For animal-based food, good correlations were observed between the bioaccessibility of PBDEs and the fat content, thus the fat content in animal-based food was able to be used to estimate the bioaccessibility of PBDEs. The total daily intake of PBDEs via ingestion of vegetables and animal-based food for an average Shanghai resident was estimated as 13 235.7 and 13 668.0 pg d⁻¹, respectively, but the amounts available for human absorption were reduced to 2674.4 and 4316.6 pg d⁻¹ after the PBDE bioaccessibility was considered. Finally, the contributions of different food groups to the total daily intake of PBDEs were evaluated. The results revealed that, when not considering the bioaccessibility of PBDEs, vegetables were the leading contributor (49.2%), followed by fish (34.0%). However, the sequence was reversed after the PBDE bioaccessibility was taken into account. The results indicated that human exposure to PBDEs via food ingestion might have been significantly overestimated and the exposure assessment could be misleading if the bioaccessibility of PBDEs was not considered.     

太湖地区稻作系统不同水体硝态氮同位素特征及污染源

为辨别稻作系统不同水体硝态氮来源,选择太湖地区典型稻作区域,应用硝态氮δ15N同位素技术,结合水化学方法(如NO3-, NH4+, TP, Cl-, SO42-),研究水稻施肥之前(4~5月),施肥期(6月),及施肥之后(7~8月)地表水和地下水硝态氮来源.结果表明,地表水和地下水硝态氮含量普遍较高.在施肥期,各水体硝态氮中δ15N均较低,表明该时期农业化肥是水体硝态氮的主要来源.在施氮前期,池塘水δ15N较低,其可能原因是受雨水的影响;而地下水δ15N较高,可能是水体发生了强烈的反硝化.在施肥后期,池塘水δ15N较高可能受养殖废水影响;地下水δ15N较低,可能受农田渗漏水的影响.河水和灌溉水硝态氮δ15N在各时期波动不大,其中河水硝态氮主要来源是生活污水和动物粪肥,但灌溉水硝态氮主要来源于雨水.本研究提出新的Cl-浓度和NO3-/Cl-物质的量比区间以辨别太湖地区水体硝态氮来源.     

球磨－煅烧法制备Fe3O4-CuxO及其活化Oxone降解盐酸左氧氟沙星

采用机械球磨-煅烧方法成功制备Fe₃O₄-Cu_xO复合材料,利用SEM、XRD与多功能磁学测量系统等手段对复合材料进行表征,并对其催化Oxone降解水体中盐酸左氧氟沙星的性能进行评估.考察了煅烧温度、球磨时Fe与CuO的质量比对该复合材料的催化性能影响.复合材料降解盐酸左氧氟沙星（LVF）实验探究了材料投加量、Oxone浓度、pH值等因素的影响.结果表明：当煅烧温度为300℃,Fe与CuO的质量比为1：1时材料催化性能最佳;重复性实验结果表明该催化剂具备较好的稳定性.当LVF的初始浓度为10mg/L时,最优降解条件为：催化剂投加量为1.4g/L、Oxone浓度为0.6mmol/L,pH值为11,反应60min后,LVF的降解率达到99.5%.淬灭实验及ESR分析证实LVF的降解是由SO₄^-·与·OH共同作用的结果.     

Association between non-optimal temperature and hospitalizations for gout in Anqing,China: a time-series analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies have found that non-optimal temperature influences the development of gout, but the results have been inconsistent. The present study...