Smooth surface fabrication in mask projection based stereolithography

The surface finish is critical for applications such as optics, micro-fluid flow and mechanical assembly, in which optical lenses, fluidic channels and rotating components are all required to be smooth. However, the stair-stepping effect is well known in the layer-based additive manufacturing processes, in which a three-dimensional model is approximated by a set of two-dimensional layers. Consequently the fabricated surfaces have poor surface finishes especially those that are close to the horizontal plane. In this paper, a novel approach for achieving improved surface finish is presented for the mask-image-projection-based stereolithography (MIP-SL) process. Theoretical models and parameter characterization are presented for the developed methods. Accordingly, the process planning and calibration approaches for fabricating smooth up-facing surfaces in the MIP-SL process have been developed. Multiple test cases based on various types of curved surfaces have been performed. A comparison of the build results based on the traditional and the newly developed approaches illustrates the effectiveness of our method.     

广州及周边地区森林土壤As、Se、Hg质量分数特征及污染评价

研究了广州及周边地区5处代表性森林土壤（鼎湖山、西樵山、华南植物园、黄埔和南昆山）As、Se、Hg质量分数特征及污染状况。结果表明,上述5地森林表层土壤As质量分数平均值分别为18.6、18.0、12.2、11.4、26.1 mg.kg-1,Se质量分数平均值分别为0.360、0.729、0.286、0.421、0.434 mg.kg-1,Hg质量分数平均值分别为0.201、0.270、0.139、0.224、0.087 mg.kg-1。除植物园土壤Se质量分数、南昆山土壤Hg质量分数较接近背景值外,5林地As、Se、Hg质量分数均超过背景值,可能存在外源As、Se、Hg输入。其中,南昆山As输入,西樵山Se、Hg输入,黄埔、鼎湖山Hg输入较明显。单因子污染指数分析结果表明在南昆山As为最严重的污染物,而在鼎湖山、植物园、西樵山和黄埔Hg为最严重的污染物。综合污染指数分析结果表明5林地土壤均受到不同程度的污染,其中西樵山土壤属重度污染,南昆山、黄埔、鼎湖山属中度污染,植物园污染较轻,属轻度污染。     

Synthesis and application of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 composites as effective adsorbents for removal of toluene gas under moist ambience: kinetics,thermodynamics, and mechanism studies

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent adsorbents that provide abundant specific surface area, adjustable pore structure, and rich active sites. The purpose of this study was to prepare composites with hydrophobic and high microporous specific surface area and to adsorb toluene gas in moist ambience. An ethanol activation-assisted hydrothermal method was proposed to synthesize copper-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (Cu-BTC) metal-organic framework, Cu-BTC, and ZSM-5 molecular sieve composites (Cu-BTC@ZSM-5). The dynamic adsorption process of toluene on different adsorbents was investigated, and the results showed that the toluene adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 (158.6 mg/g) was 2.53 times higher than Cu-BTC (62.7 mg/g), when the ZSM-5 content is 5% and the humidity is 30%RH. Compared with other factors, the humidity inhibited the adsorption of toluene on Cu-BTC@ZSM-5. Langmuir model and the pseudo-second kinetics model can better describe the adsorption behavior of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5. The thermodynamic results showed the adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic process at low temperature and mainly physical adsorption. The relative regenerability can still up to 80.4% after six cycles. The adsorption mechanisms of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 were pore-filling adsorption, π-π interaction, cation-π bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. This study will help to design a systematic route to evaluate the adsorption performance of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 for toluene.

     

洱海表层沉积物中磷形态分布及pH、DO影响的分析

研究了洱海代表性区域表层沉积物中总磷分布及不同形态磷赋存特征,探讨了pH值及溶解氧对沉积物中总磷和各形态磷赋存状态的影响。结果表明洱海表层沉积物中总磷和不同形态磷分布不均,总磷含量湖心高于湖口,湖心区域闭蓄态磷(BD-P和Al-P)和生物有效态磷占总磷的比例较高,更容易受pH和DO的影响,碱性和厌氧条件会增加洱海湖心底泥中磷的潜在释放能力。     

难降解有机污染物与葡萄糖的光电催化协同氧化作用

利用薄层反应器研究了典型的难降解有机污染物——三环癸胺在二氧化钛纳米管阵列电极表面的光电催化降解性能,重点考察了三环癸胺与葡萄糖的光电催化协同氧化作用.研究表明,三环癸胺作为一种化学性质稳定的化合物,在薄层反应器中难以在二氧化钛纳米管阵列电极光电催化中实现完全降解.在三环癸胺COD浓度50—400 mg.L-1条件下,其降解效率均低于30%,且随着三环癸胺浓度的增加降解效率下降.三环癸胺与葡萄糖之间存在着明显的光电催化协同氧化作用,且随着葡萄糖浓度的增加协同作用增强,当葡萄糖与三环癸胺浓度比值大于2时,可以实现三环癸胺的完全降解.在光电催化协同氧化过程中,三环癸胺与葡萄糖的降解并非同步进行,易降解的多羟基葡萄糖所产生的大量羟自由基,可能促进了三环癸胺或三环癸胺中间产物的氧化.该研究也为难降解的有机物的光电催化处理提出了一条新的途径.     

氯消毒对城市污水中DOM的三维荧光特性影响

在城市污水二级出水氯消毒过程中,通过对溶解性有机物(DOM)的三维荧光光谱(3DEEM)分析及反应过程中三卤甲烷(THMs)生成量的连续测定,分析各类荧光物质随加氯反应时间的变化规律,探讨其与THMs生成量之间的关系,以此来推测THMs的主要前驱物质。结果表明,加氯后0～6 h内,各反应时间点三维荧光光谱图的等高线的密集程度较原二级出水明显降低,荧光峰的荧光强度减少40%～70%,说明DOM与氯发生反应,芳香构造化程度及不饱程度降低,从而失去荧光特性。其中,简单芳香族蛋白质(酪氨酸类)、腐殖酸类及富里酸类物质在加氯前后荧光强度变化较大,是生成THMs的主要前驱物质。THMs的生成量随反应时间的增加呈现明显的上升趋势,15 min内各类荧光特性有机物的荧光强度减少约50%左右,同时生成了50.17%的THMs。     

An integrated CNC accumulation system for automatic building-around-inserts

In this paper a non-layer-based additive manufacturing (AM) process named computer numerically controlled (CNC) accumulation process is presented for applications such as plastic part repairing and modification. To facilitate the CNC accumulation process, a novel three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning system based on a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device is developed for in situ scanning of inserted components. The integration of the scanning system in the CNC accumulation process enables the building-around-inserts with little human efforts. A point processing method based on the algebraic point set surface (APSS) fitting and layered depth-normal image (LDNI) representation is developed for converting the scanning points into triangular meshes. The newly developed 3D scanning system is compact and has sufficient accuracy for the CNC accumulation process. Based on the constructed surface model, data processing operations including multi-axis tool path planning and motion control are also investigated. Multiple test cases are performed to illustrate the capability of the integrated CNC accumulation process on addressing the requirements of building-around-inserts.     

危险废物焚烧烟气排放标准对比研究

文章在介绍国家标准体系构成的基础上,对比研究国内外危险废物焚烧烟气排放标准,通过污染因子浓度限值验证计算和排放标准限值来确定危险废物焚烧烟气排放的指标。并且给出了部分污染因子的建议指标,并通过不利气象条件下的大气扩散模式的计算,对国内外现行焚烧设备运行情况的调研,提出了中国现行危险废物焚烧污染控制标准中部分污染因子排放限值存在的问题。通过计算、标准对比,给出适合中国国情的现行焚烧烟气排放指标的限值。     

腐殖质存在条件下膨润土对两种有机磷农药的吸附研究

研究了腐殖质存在条件下膨润土对两种有机磷农药（毒死蜱和辛硫磷）的吸附作用及腐殖质含量、吸附时间、膨润土用量、农药浓度、pH等因素对吸附作用的影响。结果发现：膨润土对毒死蜱和辛硫磷的吸附能力随腐殖质含量的升高而升高,分别在腐殖质含量为8％,6％时达最大,之后处于持平状态;膨润土对毒死蜱和辛硫磷的吸附分别在1．5h和2h时达到平衡,可用双速率吸附模型解释;腐殖质含量固定时膨润土用量加大对两种农药的去除率均增加,但吸附量随之下降;随着农药浓度的升高,膨润土对两种有机磷农药的吸附量加大,但去除率下降;pH升高对吸附有利。     

扬州市农业节能减排的潜力分析

本文结合扬州市农业生产的实际,重点从化肥投入量的控减、农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便的资源化再利用等三个方面,分析扬州市农业节能减排的潜力。结果表明,扬州市农业节能减排的潜力巨大,只要完善相应的节能减排措施,通过农业生产节能和农业生产废弃物的能源化利用,每年可产生330万t煤炭的节能效益。据此,提出了推进扬州市农业节能减排的对策。