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1.
Egyptian Blue, a multicomponent synthetic blue pigment has been recorded in ancient Egypt since the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom (2600–2480 B.C.). The pigment consisting of cuprorivaite (CaCuSi4O10) with variable amounts of wollastonite (CaSiO3), Cu-rich glass and cuprite (Cu3O) or tenorite (CuO) was prepared by melting the copper-rich ingredient with lime and desert sand. Low melting temperatures (below 742 °C) were achieved by addition of flux-like plant ashes. The high quality of the pigments collected from monuments of the Fifth Dynasty (2480–2320 B.C.) may indicate that the first manufacture was in early dynastic or perhaps predynastic eras. During the reign of Thutmosis III (18th Dynasty, 1490–1436 B.C.) probably bronze filings were first applied as starting material, thus indicating a technological innovation. This new method was employed till the Roman times. 相似文献
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Zinc adsorption equilibria were measured in soils differing in pH but with similar textures and total zinc concentrations, using adsorption isotherm and isotopic exchange techniques. The results suggested that the equilibrium between solution and exchangeable zinc was strongly pH dependent and the active zinc species in adsorption was single charged (e.g. Zn(OH)(+)). The size of the exchangeable zinc pool was not strongly pH dependent. Similar results were obtained when zinc was added to the soils, either as Zn(NO(3))(2) or in sewage sludge. 相似文献
5.
Ahde El Imache Sylvie Dousset Ahmed Satrallah Abdelmalek Dahchour 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):161-167
The Gharb region in Morocco is an important agricultural zone where soils receive pesticide treatments and organic amendments to increase yields. The groundwater aquifer in the Gharb region is relatively shallow and thus vulnerable. The objective of this work was to study the influence of organic amendments on diuron, cyhalofop-butyl and procymidone leaching through undisturbed soil columns. Two soils were sampled from the Gharb region, a Dehs (sandy soil) and a R’mel (loamy clay soil). Following elution (124.5 mm), the amount of pesticide residues in the leachates of the sandy soil (0.06–0.21 %) was lower than in those of the loamy clay soil (0.20–0.36 %), which was probably due to preferential flow through the loamy clay soil. The amount of procymidone leached through the amended soil columns was greater than the control for the sandy soil only. The organic amendments did not significantly influence diuron and cyhalofop-butyl leaching in either of the soils. The application of organic amendments affected the amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) eluted and thus pesticide leaching as a function of soil-type. Nevertheless, in some case, the formation of pesticide-DOM complexes appeared to promote pesticide leaching, thus increasing groundwater contamination risks. 相似文献
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The Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments Along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
El Nemr A Said TO Khaled A El-Sikaily A Abd-Allah AM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):343-359
Coastal marine sediment samples were collected from 31 sampling stations along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast. All sediment
samples were analyzed to determine aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as total organic carbon (TOC)
contents and grain size analysis. Total concentrations of 16 EPA-PAHs in the sediments were varied from 88 to 6338 ng g−1 with an average value of 154 ng g−1 (dry weight). However, the concentrations of total aliphatic were varied from 1.3 to 69.9 ng g−1 with an average value of 15.6 ng g−1 (dry weight). The highest contents of PAHs were found in the Eastern harbor (6338 ng g−1), Manzala (5206 ng g−1) and El-Jamil East (4895 ng g−1) locations. Good correlations observed between a certain numbers of PAH concentrations allowed to identify its origin. The
average total organic carbon (TOC) percent was varied from 0.91 to 4.54%. Higher concentration of total pyrolytic hydrocarbons
(∑COMB) than total fossil hydrocarbons (∑PHE) declared that atmospheric fall-out is the significant source of PAHs to marine
sediments of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. The selected marked compounds, a principal component analysis (PCA) and special
PAHs compound ratios (phenanthrene/anthracene vs fluoranthene/pyrene; ∑COMB/∑EPA-PAHs) suggest the pyrogenic origins, especially
traffic exhausts, are the dominant sources of PAHs in most locations. Interferences of rather petrogenic and pyrolytic PAH
contaminations were noticed in the harbors due to petroleum products deliveries and fuel combustion emissions from the ships
staying alongside the quays. 相似文献
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Anas Raklami Abdel-ilah Tahiri Noura Bechtaoui El Gharmali Abdelhay Eloisa Pajuelo Marouane Baslam Abdelilah Meddich Khalid Oufdou 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):210-221
Assisted natural remediation (ANR) has been highlighted as a promising, less expensive, and environmentally friendly solution to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals. We tested the effects of three amendments (10% compost, C; 5 or 15% phosphate sludge, PS5 and PS15; and 5 or 15% marble waste, MW5 and MW15) in combination with microorganism inoculation (rhizobacteria consortium alone, mycorrhizae alone, and the two in-combination) on alfalfa in contaminated soil. Plant concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb were measured, along with proline and malondialdehyde production. The microbiological and physicochemical properties of the mining soil were evaluated. Application of the amendments allowed germination and promoted growth. Inoculation with the rhizobacteria consortium and/or mycorrhizae stimulated plant growth. PS and MW stimulated the production of proline. Inoculation of alfalfa with the rhizobacteria-mycorrhizae mixture and the application of MW allowed the safe cultivation of the legume, as shown by the low concentrations of metals in plant shoots. Zn and Pb concentrations were below the limits recommended for animal grazing and accumulated essentially in roots. Soil analyses showed the positive effect of the amendments on the soil physicochemical properties. All treatments increased soil pH (around 7), total organic carbon, and assimilable phosphorus content. Notably, an important decrease in soluble heavy metals concentrations was observed. Overall, our findings revealed that the applied treatments reduced the risk of metal-polluted soils limiting plant growth. The ANR has great potential for success in the restoration of polymetallic and acidic mining soils using the interaction between alfalfa, microorganisms, and organo-mineral amendments. 相似文献
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Guendouzi Yassine Soualili Dina Lila Boulahdid Mostefa Eddalia Nabila Boudjenoun Meriem 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46448-46457
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A study was carried out to determine the activities of radionuclides (137Cs, 40K, 226Ra, 214Bi, 214Pb, and 210Pb) and the levels of biochemical... 相似文献
9.
El Omari Nasreddine Bakha Mohamed Imtara Hamada Guaouguaoua Fatima-Ezzahrae Balahbib Abdelaali Zengin Gokhan Bouyahya Abdelhakim 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(35):47869-47903
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It has recently been proven that epigenetic dysregulation is importantly involved in cell transformation and therefore induces cancerous diseases. The... 相似文献
10.
Determination of phthalates in particulate matter and gaseous phase emitted in indoor air of offices
Szewczyńska Małgorzata Dobrzyńska Elżbieta Pośniak Małgorzata 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):59319-59327
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phthalate esters (PAEs) are endocrine disrupters and can disrupt the functioning of different hormones, causing adverse effects on human health. Due... 相似文献