Effects of green spaces on alleviating mortality attributable to PM2.5 in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Increasing research suggested that green spaces are associated with many health benefits, but evidence for the quantitative relationship between green...     

铝合金微电偶腐蚀机理与数值模拟研究进展

综述了铝合金微电偶腐蚀在机理研究和数值模拟两方面的研究进展,针对独立微电偶的腐蚀机理表征、多元微电偶空间随机分布相互作用规律、结构/载荷因素与铝合金微电偶腐蚀驱动力间的竞争机制等3个方面进行了展望,期望为铝合金微电偶腐蚀研究提供方向参考。     

VR技术实现冶金系统安全生产方法研究

提出用虚拟现实Virtual Reality（简称VR）技术模拟企业工作现场的方法。介绍了VR技术的定义、现状、发展．VR技术应用于安全生产的几种形式,并举例说明VR技术的实现方法。应用VR技术可以有效地促进和实现安全生产。冶金企业现场和施工条件复杂,应用VR技术有更重要的作用。     

Shift of microbial diversity and function in high-efficiency performance biotrickling filter for gaseous xylene treatment

ABSTRACT

Xylene is the main component of many volatile industrial pollution sources, and the use of biotechnology to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has become a growing trend. In this study, a biotrickling filter for gaseous xylene treatment was developed using activated sludge as raw material to study the biodegradation process of xylene. Reaction conditions were optimized, and long-term operation was performed. The optimal pH was 7.0, gas-liquid ratio was 15:1 (v/v), and temperature was 25 °C. High-throughput sequencing technique was carried out to analyze microbial communities in the top, middle, and bottom layers of the reactor. Characteristics of microbial diversity were elucidated, and microbial functions were predicted. The result showed that the removal efficiency (RE) was stable at 86%–91%, the maximum elimination capacity (EC) was 303.61 g·m^?3·hr^?1, residence time was 33.75 sec, and the initial inlet xylene concentration was 3000 mg·m^?3, which was the highest known degradation concentration reported. Kinetic analysis of the xylene degradation indicated that it was a very high-efficiency-activity bioprocess. The r_max was 1059.8 g·m^?3·hr^?1, and K_s value was 4.78 g·m^?3 in stationary phase. In addition, microbial community structures in the bottom and top layers were significantly different: Pseudomonas was the dominant genus in the bottom layer, whereas Sphingobium was dominant in the top layer. The results showed that intermediate metabolites of xylene could affect the distribution of community structure. Pseudomonas sp. can adapt to high concentration xylene–contaminated environments.

Implications: We combined domesticated active sludge and reinforced microbial agent on biotrickling filter. This system performed continuously under a reduced residence time at 33.75 sec and high elimination capacity at 303.61 g·m^?3·hr^?1 in the biotrickling reactor for about 260 days. In this case, predomestication combined with reinforcing of microorganisms was very important to obtaining high-efficiency results. Analysis of microbial diversity and functional prediction indicated a gradient distribution along with the concentration of xylene. This implied a rational design of microbial reagent and optimizing the inoculation of different sites of reactor could reduce the preparation period of the technology.     

环境影响评价中公众参与的实证分析

结合环境影响评价中公众参与的范围与对象选择.参与方式、参与程序、参与内容、公众意见反馈说明等方面的阐述,通过实证分析指出了值得注意的问题.从强化公众参与意识、增加听取意见途径、出台公众环境权益受损的补偿法规等方面,提出了改进环境影响评价中公众参与的建议.     

3种氯酚化合物对大型溞的联合毒性

氯酚类化合物是我国水体中广泛存在的一类优先控制污染物,以大型溞(Daphnia magna)为试验生物,测定了2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚对大型溞的48 h致死的单一毒性和联合毒性.基于单一氯酚化合物的浓度-效应曲线,运用浓度加和(CA)与独立作用(IA)2个模型对2种等毒性浓度比的混合物(Mix-LC5...     

生物滴滤法处理药厂高浓度丙酮废气的中试研究

采用生物滴滤工艺对某药厂硫代纯化车间的高浓度丙酮废气进行中试规模的处理运行。现场风量在3000~4000 m^3/h范围波动,丙酮质量浓度在0~2278 mg/m^3范围波动。在39 d的运行期间,丙酮的平均脱除效率为78%,最高可达100%;系统的平均单位去除负荷为139.2 g/(h·m^3),最高可达482.1 g/(h·m^3)。在高浓度高波动的进气工况条件下,单位生物矿化量可以保持相对稳定的水平,波动范围为11.5~27.3 g/(h·m^3),生物系统的稳定性和鲁棒性较好。循环液COD与进气负荷具有一定的相关性。     

七大流域氨氮水生生物水质基准与生态风险评估初探

氨氮是我国流域水环境管理的国控指标之一,为评估不同流域的氨氮基准差异性,以七大流域(松花江流域、辽河流域、海河流域、黄河流域、淮河流域、长江流域和珠江流域)为研究对象,基于水质参数对氨氮毒性的影响,借鉴US EPA(美国国家环境保护局)水环境基准技术方法,分夏季和非夏季2种情况推算了各流域氨氮水生生物基准值. 结果显示:①流域和季节的不同导致氨氮基准值的差异均很明显,不同流域的氨氮基准值差异可超过6倍,同一流域不同季节的氨氮基准值差异可超过2倍. ②淮河流域夏季和非夏季氨氮基准值均为最低,夏季氨氮急、慢性基准值分别为0.37和0.06 mg/L,非夏季分别为0.81和0.15 mg/L. ③氨氮暴露生态风险初步评估结果表明,珠江流域风险较小;松花江流域、辽河流域、长江流域次之;黄河流域风险较大;海河流域和淮河流域风险最大,海河7个断面中有2个存在高风险,淮河27个断面中16个存在高风险. 根据各流域不同季节氨氮基准值及氨氮暴露生态风险的差异,建议对不同流域、不同季节实行差异化管理.      

Taxi driver speeding: Who,when, where and how? A comparative study between Shanghai and New York City

Objective: The 3 objectives of this study are to (1) identify the driving style characteristics of taxi drivers in Shanghai and New York City (NYC) using taxi Global Positioning System (GPS) data and make a comparative analysis; (2) explore the influence of different driving style characteristics on the frequency of speeding (who and how?) and (3) explore the influence of driving style characteristics, road attributes, and environmental factors on the speeding rate (when, where, and how?)

Methods: This study proposes a driver–road–environment identification (DREI) method to investigate the determinant factors of taxi speeding violations. Driving style characteristics, together with road and environment variables, were obtained based on the GPS data and auxiliary spatiotemporal data in Shanghai and NYC.

Results: The daily working hours of taxi drivers in Shanghai (18.6 h) was far more than in NYC (8.5 h). The average occupancy speed of taxi drivers in Shanghai (21.3 km/h) was similar to that of NYC (20.3 km/h). Speeders in both cities had shorter working hours and longer daily driving distance than other taxi drivers, though their daily income was similar. Speeding drivers routinely took long-distance trips (>10 km) and preferred relatively faster routes. Length of segments (1.0–1.5 km) and good traffic condition were associated with high speeding rates, whereas central business district area and secondary road were associated with low speeding rates. Moreover, many speeding violations were identified between 4:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. in both Shanghai and NYC and the worst period was between 5:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. in both cities.

Conclusions: Characteristics of drivers, road attributes, and environment variables should be considered together when studying driver speeding behavior. Findings of this study may assist in stipulating relevant laws and regulations such as stricter offense monitoring in the early morning, long segment supervision, shift rule regulation, and working hour restriction to mitigate the risk of potential crashes.     

Evaluation of polluted urban river water quality: a case study of the Xunsi River watershed,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urbanization has caused severe negative impacts on intra-urban river water bodies. In this paper, 22 physicochemical parameters were measured at 20...