携手并进共建人类美好家园--访国家环保总局局长解振华

“未来二十年，中国将实现全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标，环境保护大有可为！”新当选为十六大中央委员的国家环保总局局长解振华先生豪情满怀，“全面建设小康社会，除了有经济、政治、文化方面的明确要求外，还专门提出了环境保护和可持续发展方面的要求。这就是：在未来二十年里，可持续发展能力不断加强，生态环境得到改善。”     

大型LNG接收站建设过程中HSE管理体系的实施

针对大型LNG接收站建设过程中HSE管理所面临的诸多难点,结合HSE体系在LNG接收站建设初期试运行遇到的问题,利用PDCA循环的方法,从体系制定、培训、落实、检查、整改等方面探讨了多EPC模式下,建设单位HSE体系在工程建设中有效运行的经验。     

汽车道路试验安全管理体系建设研究

为了保障汽车道路试验安全、提高安全管理水平,设计提出汽车道路试验安全管理体系(SMS)总方案。根据OHSAS 18001和安全标准化规范的特点分析,论证了融合两种体系建立道路试验SMS的适用性。并从政策与目标、风险管理、安全保证和安全促进四个模块阐述了该体系的搭建思路、框架内容和搭建步骤。最后,以某自主品牌车企研发中心道路试验的应用情况为例进行效果评估,结果表明:汽车道路试验SMS能有效防控风险、提升试验安全管理水平。     

自然资源利用权的双重物权属性及环境保护价值

自然资源利用权从产生的途径上看应属于特许物权,从内容和功能上看应属于准用益物权,两种物权属性并不相互排斥。自然资源利用权的双重物权属性符合环境保护的价值取向和价值选择。     

Effects of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide on mercury oxidation and reduction under homogeneous conditions

This paper is particularly related to elemental mercury (Hg0) oxidation and divalent mercury (Hg2+) reduction under simulated flue gas conditions in the presence of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). As a powerful oxidant and chlorinating reagent, Cl2 has the potential for Hg oxidation. However, the detailed mechanism for the interactions, especially among chlorine (Cl)-containing species, SO2, NO, as well as H2O, remains ambiguous. Research described in this paper therefore focused on the impacts of SO2 and NO on Hg0 oxidation and Hg2+ reduction with the intent of unraveling unrecognized interactions among Cl species, SO2, and NO most importantly in the presence of H2O. The experimental results demonstrated that SO2 and NO had pronounced inhibitory effects on Hg0 oxidation at high temperatures when H2O was also present in the gas blend. Such a demonstration was further confirmed by the reduction of Hg2+ back into its elemental form. Data revealed that SO2 and NO were capable of promoting homogeneous reduction of Hg2+ to Hg0 with H2O being present. However, the above inhibition or promotion disappeared under homogeneous conditions when H2O was removed from the gas blend.     

制药行业VOCs排放组分特征及其排放因子研究

为研究制药行业产品工艺过程的挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放特征,以华东地区某工业园区的两家化学合成类制药企业为研究对象,采集并分析了来自不同生产线和生产环节的VOCs样品.结果表明,同行业不同企业、同企业不同车间的VOCs排放特征差异显著,基于获得的产品生产线不同环节的VOCs排放特征,结合产品工艺流程,推测排放的VOCs组分主要与原料和生产工序有关;处理设施对不同VOCs组分的脱除效率也存在明显差别,RTO对不同VOCs种类的处理效率由高至低依次为OVOCs（80.5%）、芳香烃（72.7%）、烷烯烃（68.3%）和卤代烃（66.1%）;根据浓度测试结果,计算得到48种VOCs的排放量和排放因子,制药企业A和B的VOCs排放总量分别为14.2 t·a^-1和0.4 t·a^-1,均以卤代烃占比最大,分别为56.1%和48.2%.     

公众参与环境执法角色关系探析

环境是公共的,环境利益具有公众性。在环境执法中积极吸纳公众意见,是国家民主管理社会的体现。公众参与环境执法的角色定位即：政府在环境执法中处于核心地位,拥有最终裁量权;企业是环境执法的对象;公众是环境执法的最终受益者。政府、企业与公众的沟通协调是公众参与环境执法的有效机制。     

热电厂再生水回用工艺分析

介绍一套日处理量14 400 t的再生水回用工艺,该工艺应用预处理+反渗透工艺深度处理二级城市污水并将产水回用于热电厂的循环冷却水及锅炉补给水的源水,分析了该工艺关键单元的特点。运行结果表明:该工艺可行,产水各项指标满足该热电厂对回用水的要求。最后,对工艺运行过程中出现的问题提出解决办法和改进建议。     

稀有鮈鲫（Gobiocyprisrarus）七天亚慢性毒性试验

研究了稀有鲫（Ｇｏｂｉｏｃｙｐｒｉｓｒａｒｕｓ）作为亚慢性毒性试验材料的可能性，测定了铬、铜、锌、镉和五氯酚对稀有鲫的７ｄ亚慢性毒性，它们对稀有鲫的无可观测效应浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）分别是２５００、１０、２００、２０和８０μｇ／Ｌ。最低可观察效应浓度（ＬＯＥＣ）则分别为５０００、２０、４００、４０和１６０μｇ／Ｌ。试验结果表明，稀有鲫是一种较好的亚慢性毒性试验材料。     

Modeling and optimization of wet flue gas desulfurization system based on a hybrid modeling method

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is one of the main air pollutants from many industries. Most coal-fired power plants in China use wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) as the main method for SO₂ removal. Presently, the operating of WFGD lacks accurate modeling method to predict outlet concentration, let alone optimization method. As a result, operating parameters and running status of WFGD are adjusted based on the experience of the experts, which brings about the possibility of material waste and excessive emissions. In this paper, a novel WFGD model combining a mathematical model and an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to forecast SO₂ emissions. Operation data from a 1000-MW coal-fired unit was collected and divided into two separated sets for model training and validation. The hybrid model consisting a mechanism model and a 9-input ANN had the best performance on both training and validation sets in terms of RMSE (root mean square error) and MRE (mean relative error) and was chosen as the model used in optimization. A comprehensive cost model of WFGD was also constructed to estimate real-time operation cost. Based on the hybrid WFGD model and cost model, a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based solver was designed to derive the cost-effective set points under different operation conditions. The optimization results demonstrated that the optimized operating parameters could effectively keep the SO₂ emissions within the standard, whereas the SO₂ emissions was decreased by 30.79% with less than 2% increase of total operating cost.

Implications: Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is one of the main pollutants generated during coal combustion in power plants, and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) is the main facility for SO₂ removal. A hybrid model combining SO₂ removal mathematical model with data-driven model achieves more accurate prediction of outlet concentration. Particle swarm optimization with a penalty function efficiently solves the optimization problem of WFGD subject to operation cost under multiple operation conditions. The proposed model and optimization method is able to direct the optimized operation of WFGD with enhanced emission and economic performance.