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利用2009—2019年川藏铁路沿线四川段地质灾害数据、国家气象中心逐小时降水量资料,统计了地质灾害与降水的关系,发现研究区89%的滑坡灾害和96.6%的泥石流均发生在汛期,且地质灾害高发路段位于青衣江暴雨区,与四川地区降水时空分布特征相吻合。分析雨型、降雨强度、前期降雨等因子对地质灾害的影响,发现快速激发,中速激发和慢速激发的地质灾害分别约占33.3%、25.9%、40.8%,表明降雨历时并不是影响地质灾害发生的最直接因子,前期降雨的作用不可忽视;结合环境因子对地质灾害进行了分区,基于降雨历时-雨强(I-D)预报模型建立了川藏铁路沿线四川段引发地质灾害的降水阈值分布。利用该降水阈值的分布特征,检验了2019年引发地质灾害的降水量,发现阈值雨量的判别方法较为科学,具有较强的参考价值。 相似文献
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采用炼钢精炼渣,通过气固碳酸化反应吸附CO2,考察了不同吸附温度下精炼渣对纯CO2和模拟高炉煤气中CO2的吸附能力。实验结果表明:吸附温度对精炼渣吸附CO2反应有显著的影响,升高温度可以提高精炼渣对CO2的吸附能力;在400 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO2和模拟高炉煤气中CO2的量分别为4.7 mg/g和9.8 mg/g;吸附温度升高到500 ℃和550 ℃时,精炼渣对纯CO2的吸附能力强于高炉煤气中CO2;在550 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO2和模拟高炉煤气中CO2的量达到最高,分别为14.7 mg/g和12.9 mg/g。 相似文献
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降水梯度序列下柠条林地土壤养分的空间变异 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过野外实地调查结合室内分析,研究陕西省境内不同降雨条件下的黄土高原同级树龄柠条林地土壤养分。结果表明,研究区土壤养分含量低,养分中有机质和全氮在降水梯度上的空间变异性显著;有机质和全氮含量在土壤剖面上表现为随着土层的加深逐渐减少,全磷含量在土壤剖面上表现为从表层到心土层逐渐降低,从心土层到底层逐渐增加;全钾含量在剖面上的规律与有机质和全氮相反;有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量均随着降水梯度的增加而增加;有机质含量与全氮、全钾呈现极显著正相关,与全磷呈现显著正相关关系。 相似文献
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在木糖醇的生产工艺中,废水污染物产生量主要集中于木糖生产过程,从生产性质分析,木糖生产属天然原料加工过程,虽不合有毒性或重金属污染成份,但其排放废水属高浓度有机废水、pH值较低、色度较高,并且含有难以生物降解的木质素等天然大分子化合物,有一定的处理难度。针对其水质特性,本研究选择适合木糖醇废水水质特点、有机物去除率高、耐冲击负荷强、运行简单的混凝沉淀一厌氧水解一好氧生化一化学氧化相结合的处理工艺,将生化与物化方法相结合,最后达到理想的效果,也为同类型工业废水处理提供参考经验。 相似文献
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Junli Zhang Jiajun Chen Jialin Xu Yuanxin Li Naiming Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(2):202-206
Sediment environmental capacity of pollutants is very important for marine environmental management. Based on the methodology of a study on water, soil environmental capacity, and mass conservation theory in a system, the concept and model on sediment environmental capacity for 137Cs in Daya Bay were developed. The static capacity for 137Cs in the upper sediment near the shore at a shallow area was calculated, and the annual dynamic capacity and total dynamic capacity were also calculated through determination of the typical biomass in the sediment. The results showed that the estimated environmental capacity for 137Cs in sediments was approximately equal to the current input of 137Cs into the sediments. Controlling the input of 137Cs in the sediments within the environmental capacity guarantees the sustainability of the current situation of the Daya Bay ecosystem and avoidance of a significant degradation of the system. 相似文献
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Bo Han Xiaohui Bi Yonghua Xue Jianhui Wu Tan Zhu Baogui Zhang Jianqing Ding Yuanxin Du 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(4):552-563
A total of 168 PM10 samples were collected during the year of 2005 at eight sites in the city of Wuxi in China. Fifteen chemical elements, three water-soluble ions, total carbon and organic carbon were analyzed. Six source categories were identified and their contributions to ambient PM10 in Wuxi were estimated using a nested chemical mass balance method that reduces the effects of colinearity on the chemical mass balance model. In addition, the concentrations of secondary aerosols, such as secondary organic carbon, sulfate and nitrate, were quantified. The spatially averaged PM10 was high in the spring and winter (123 ??g·m?3 and low in the summer-fall (90 ??g·m?3). According to the result of source apportionment, resuspended dust was the largest contributor to ambient PM10, accounting for more than 50% of the PM10 mass. Coal combustion (14.6%) and vehicle exhaust (9.4%) were also significant source categories of ambient PM10. Construction and cement dust, sulfates, secondary organic carbon, and nitrates made contributions ranging between 4.1% and 4.9%. Other source categories such as steel manufacturing dust and soil dust made low contributions to ambient PM10. 相似文献