Degradation of pentachlorobiphenyl by a sequential treatment using Pd coated iron and an aerobic bacterium (H1)

The reductive dechlorination and biodegradation of 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB#101) was investigated in a laboratory-scale. Palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) was used as a catalytic reductant for the chemical degradation of 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl, and an aerobic bacteria was used for biodegradation following the chemical reaction in this study. Dechlorination was affected by several factors such as Pd loading, initial soil pH and the amount of Pd/Fe used. The results showed that higher Pd loading, higher dosage of Pd/Fe and slightly acid condition were beneficial to the catalytic dechlorination of 2,2^′,4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl. In laboratory batch experiments, 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl was reduced in the presence of Pd/Fe bimetal, which was not further degraded by aerobic bacteria. 2,2^′,4-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB#17), a reduction product from 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl, was readily biodegraded in the presence of a aerobic bacterial strain. It is suggested that an integrated Pd/Fe catalytic reduction-aerobic biodegradation process may be a feasible option for treating PCB-contaminated soil.     

Optimum ridge-to-furrow ratio in ridge-furrow mulching systems for improving water conservation in maize (Zea may L.) production

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water-saving cultivation techniques have been attracting increased attention worldwide. Ridge-furrow mulching system (RFMS), as a prospective...     

锅炉烟尘污染与治理

中原油田黄河以北广大地区燃煤锅炉分布广泛,污染物排放量相对较大。为减少大气污染,采取了以下治理措施:提高运行操作水平;选择适宜的燃烧设备;选择效果较好的除尘设施;选择适宜的煤质等。采用上述综合措施后,不仅降低了锅炉的排烟量也降低了锅炉的烟尘排放浓度,锅炉烟尘排放达标。     

李秉衡与清末兵灾赈济

作为清末督抚级重要人物,李秉衡在中法战争和甲午中日战争期间及之后都进行了赈济活动.在中法战争期间,他首先设立兵站,截留散兵溃卒,整顿军队,加强军需饷械的运输和管理工作;接着又创设医局,救治伤病员.战后继续救济流民和游勇,以工代赈修复镇南关和龙州,奖恤殉职官员.甲午中日战争期间,为保障战时供应,李秉衡多方筹集粮饷,解决兵民的生计问题;战后全力赈济灾民,致力于灾后重建;抚恤官员;重视安置游兵散勇;协赈其他灾区.李秉衡在清末战争状态下的赈济活动,乃晚清兵灾赈济的标本,是后人透视时代原貌的窗口.     

微乳法合成聚苯胺纳米颗粒及其光催化研究

通过W/O微乳法制备了聚苯胺纳米颗粒,研究其光催化降解有机染料甲基橙与橙Ⅱ的性能。通过在UV和UV/H2O2体系中的光催化降解实验发现,针对两种染料,聚苯胺纳米颗粒的光催化活性分别为普通聚苯胺的2.69倍与2.26倍。材料通过透射电子显微镜、比表面分析、红外光谱等手段表征。结合微乳法制备共轭聚合物材料,有可能为光催化降解有机污染物提供一条可行途径。     

Air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry in Beijing, China

Improving our understanding of air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry is critical for the development and implementation of pollution control policies. In this study, the spatial distribution of potential maximum emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures, as well as the particulate matter (PM), asphalt fume, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), VOCs, and benzoapyrene (BaP) emissions from typical processes (e.g., asphalt and concrete mixing stations, asphalt heating boilers, and asphalt storage tanks) in asphalt mixing plants, were determined in Beijing in 2017. The results indicated that the potential maximum emissions of VOCs in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures were 18,001 ton, with a large contribution from the districts of Daxing, Changping, and Tongzhou. The total emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, VOCs, and BaP from asphalt mixing plants were 3.1, 12.6, 3.1, 23.5, and 1.9 × 10^?3 ton, respectively. The emissions of PM from asphalt and concrete mixing stations contributed the most to the total emissions. The asphalt storage tank was the dominant emission source of VOCs, accounting for 96.1% of the total VOCs emissions in asphalt mixing plants, followed by asphalt heating boilers. The districts of Daxing, Changping, and Shunyi were the dominant regions for the emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, and BaP, while the districts of Shunyi, Tongzhou, and Changping contributed the most emissions of VOCs.     

DISCUSSION ON REGION RESOURCE ADVANTAGE OF THE WEST CHINA AND APPROACHES OF ITS INDUSTRIALIZATION DEVELOPMENT

With 70 .82 %ofthetotallandarea ,2 7.6 7%ofthetotalpopulationandrelativelyabundantnaturalresources,thevastwestChinaisextremelyimportantinstrategies.HowtomanagetheeconomicdevelopmentinthewestChinarapidlyhasarousedgreatattentionsinallwalksoflife .Theimportantpoliciesandmethodsaremainlydependingonthelarge scaleex plorationofnaturalresourcesanddevelopmentofrelevantindustries.However ,themisunder standingoflarge scalemineralexplorationsinthewestwillleadtoanoldroadofviciouscircula tion .Becauseofth…     

北京夏季近地面臭氧及其来源的数值模拟研究

高浓度的近地面臭氧一直是北京夏季面临的主要污染问题,本文利用自主发展的空气质量数值模式WRF-NAQPMS(Weather Research and Forecasting Model-Nested Air Quality Prediction Modelling System)以及生物源排放模式MEGAN(Model of Emission of Gases and Aerosols from Nature),数值模拟了2017年6月华北区域臭氧的时空分布,评估了生物源排放可挥发有机物对臭氧的影响,并对北京臭氧的关键源区和形成时间进行量化解析.结果发现:NAQPMS (Nested Air Quality Prediction Modelling System)模式合理再现了北京及其周边臭氧的时空演变规律,特别是生物源的加入有效改善臭氧浓度的模拟效果.生物源对北京6月臭氧浓度月均值的贡献为4%～6%,对最大1小时浓度的贡献最高可达8%以上.源解析结果发现,本地当天排放的臭氧前体物对北京城区浓度影响最大,对最大1小时浓度和8小时移动平均浓度的贡献达到50.2%和45.4%,远高于1～2天前排放污染物的影响.河北对北京的影响主要集中在当天和1天前排放的污染物,对最大1小时浓度的贡献分别为7.9%和6.5%.河南和山东对北京城区最大1小时浓度的贡献较小,分别为2.4%和3.7%,且主要为1～2天前排放的污染物在区域输送过程中的化学反应所贡献.对于北京区域平均来讲,本地的贡献率较城区明显偏小,河北的贡献显著增加,这也说明北京市臭氧来源的空间不均匀性较大.北京地区生成的臭氧沿怀柔区向北输送,到达承德市西侧,对月均值的贡献达到20～30μg·m~(-3).     

中纤板废水处理工艺改造实例

针对某人造林制品有限公司中纤板废水处理工艺存在的问题,采用混凝工序代替气浮工序和厌氧折流板反应器代替水解酸化池对原处理工艺进行改进。实际运行情况表明,改进后的工艺运行稳定,排水各项指标均符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级标准。     

Dissipation and residues determination of propamocarb in ginseng and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Two-year field trials were performed at two experimental sites to investigate dissipation and terminal residues of propamocarb in ginseng root, stem, leaf, and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Mean recoveries ranged from 80.5 to 95.6 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 5.5–9.1 % at fortified levels of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.20 mg kg^?1. The half-lives of propamocarb were 5.00–11.36 days in root, 5.07–11.46 days in stem, 6.83–11.31 days in leaf and 6.44–8.43 days in soil. The terminal residues of propamocarb were below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of EU (0.20 mg kg^?1) and South Korea (0.50 mg kg^?1 in fresh ginseng and 1.0 mg kg^?1 in dried ginseng) over 28 days after last spraying at recommended dosage. The results provide a quantitative basis for establishing the MRL and give a suggestion of safe and reasonable use of propamocarb in ginseng.