Vegetation dynamics and climate change on the Loess Plateau,China: 1982–2011

Monitoring the dynamics of vegetation growth and its response to climate change is important to understand the mechanisms underlying ecosystem behaviors. This study investigated the relationship between vegetation growth and climate change during the growing seasons on the Loess Plateau in China by analyzing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from the Land Long Term Data Record dataset from 1982 to 2011. Results showed that growing-season NDVI had increased at an annual rate of 0.0028, particularly in the semi-arid and semi-humid regions. By contrast, the NDVI first increased from 1982 to 1994 (0.0013 year^?1, P < 0.05) and then decreased from 1994 to 2011 (0.0016 year^?1, P < 0.05) in the arid region. Temperature had a positive effect on NDVI in most periods within and across seasons in the semi-humid region but had no significant effect in the arid region. Precipitation had a positive effect on NDVI in the arid region in summer and in the semi-arid region in autumn. Summer precipitation was important for autumn vegetation growth in the arid region, whereas summer temperature increased autumn vegetation growth in the semi-arid and semi-humid regions. Further analyses supported the lag-time effects of climate change on vegetation growth on the Loess Plateau. Precipitation shifts had 15- to 18-month time lag effects on vegetation growth in the three climate regions. Vegetation NDVI had a 17-month lag response to temperature in the semi-arid region. Human activities should not be neglected in analyzing the relationship between vegetation growth and climate change on the Loess Plateau.     

换流变压器分接开关压力释放阀误动作原因分析

针对一起换流变压器分接开关压力释放阀动作的事件,结合事件报文和现场检查情况,通过对压力释放阀的结构原理、分接开关的切换时序、事件报文进行综合分析,判断出压力释放阀误动作的主要原因是其存在缺陷和性能出现劣化,提出了运维、检修建议,为换流站(变电站)的运检管理和事故分析提供参考。     

换流变压器非故障时乙炔超标原因分析及改进

针对换流变压器非故障时乙炔含量超标导致影响变压器状态分析的问题,通过对潜油泵异常放电、有载分接开关油室泄漏和极性开关动作产气等方面原因进行具体分析,结合有载分接开关极性开关的动作产气机理,提出了极性开关频繁动作对乙炔含量的影响及对策,为其他厂站换流变压器的隐患排查、运维检修和故障分析等方面提供参考。     

±800kV灵州换流站换流变压器风冷系统优化设计

对换流变压器风冷控制系统存在的问题,在功能实现、策略选择和风险防范等方面对风冷逻辑进行具体分析,提出了灵州换流站换流变压器风冷系统优化设计方案。应用结果表明:优化后风冷逻辑考虑了更多的运行工况,保证了变压器的安全稳定运行,可为换流站(变电站)风冷逻辑设计及功能实现提供参考。     

换流站交流滤波器场鸟害故障原因分析和解决措施

换流站交流滤波器场内的高压电容器为塔层结构,一旦有鸟飞入可能导致层间放电造成电容器不平衡保护动作。通过对交流滤波器不平衡保护动作的内部原因和外部原因进行分析,提出增加电容器塔层间绝缘裕度、增加交流滤波器驱鸟设施的方案,全方位预防治理鸟害,为其他换流站(变电站)提供参考和借鉴。     

变压器瓦斯气体快速判断装置的研制

针对变压器瓦斯继电器集气报警后,不能及时判断设备故障,而需要进一步开展离线油色谱分析导致故障扩大的问题,研制了变压器瓦斯气体快速判断工具,旨在为变电站(换流站)的运维检修和故障处理提供帮助。     

含硫化氢油田地面工程设计实践与认识

文章分析了硫化氢(H2S)的危害,提出了含H2S油田地面工程设计思路。在长庆油田现有工艺流程的基础上,针对硫化氢的危害,通过采用地面工艺全流程密闭、选用抗硫工艺设备、管材等工艺技术,实现油田安全清洁生产,确保油田安全、高效开发。     

Assessment of uranium migration and pollution sources in river sediments of the Ili River Basin using multiply statistical techniques

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Uranium (U) is a highly toxic radioactive element and limited to &lt; 30 μg/L in drinking water by the World Health Organization. In this...     

灵州换流站换流变压器非电量保护问题分析

针对灵州换流站换流变压器非电量保护所存在影响直流系统运行可靠性的问题,通过对阀侧套管压力继电器一级报警接点、网侧套管升高座瓦斯继电器和阀侧套管末屏电压回路存在问题进行分析,提出相应的改进方案。应用结果表明:改进方案可以快速测定SF。漏气率,使值班运维人员更易于掌控阀侧套管泄漏情况,有利于开展事故应急处置;网侧套管升高座瓦斯继电器由跳闸逻辑改投报警,避免了储油柜油位下降或升高座瓦斯继电器误动作导致直流跳闸的问题,提高了直流系统的运行可靠性。     

Distribution of PAHs in tissues of wetland plants and the surrounding sediments in the Chongming wetland, Shanghai, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations were determined in sediments and three types of wetland plants collected from the intertidal flats in the Chongming wetland. The concentration of total PAHs in sediments ranged from 38.7 to 136.2 ng g⁻¹. Surface sediment concentrations were higher in regions with plant cover than in bare regions. Rhizome-layer sediments (56.8-102.4 ng g⁻¹) contained less PAHs than surface sediments (0-5 cm). Concentrations of PAHs in plant tissues ranged from 51.9 to 181.2 ng g⁻¹, with highest concentrations in the leaves of Scirpus. Most of the PAHs in the leaves and other plant tissues were low molecular weight compounds (LMW, 2-4 rings), and a similar distribution pattern of PAHs in different types of plants was also observed. Source analysis indicated that plants and sediments both came from pyrogenic sources, but plants had additional petroleum contamination. The low ratio of benzo[a]anthracene over chrysene suggests that the wetland PAHs came mainly from long-distance atmospheric transportation. Significant bioaccumulation of PAHs from the sediments into plants was not observed for high molecular weight PAHs (HMW, 5-6 rings) in Chongming wetland. The small RCFs (root concentration factor from sediments) for HMW PAHs and large RCFs for LMW PAHs suggested that roots accumulated LMW PAHs selectively from sediments in Chongming wetland.