印染末端废水中全氟化合物的污染特征、影响因素及风险评价

全氟化合物（Perfluorinated compounds,PFCs）常被作为织物整理剂和表面活性剂应用于纺织印染行业,通过末端处理排放进入水体环境,对生态安全产生直接影响.本研究采集我国长三角地区58家纺织印染厂的调节池原水和末端排放尾水样品,建立固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法（SPE-UPLC-MS/MS）对8种短中链全氟化合物（C4~C8）进行分析,探明印染废水PFCs的污染特征.结果表明,8种目标化合物在废水样本中检出率为38.9%~100.0%,原水中PFCs浓度为29.37~4518.27 ng·L^-1,末端尾水中PFCs浓度为8.82~3995.76 ng·L^-1,其中PFOA是首要的污染物.传统的废水处理工艺对短中链全氟化合物有一定去除作用,去除率最高可达79.9%.Kruskal-Wallis检验发现PFOA、PFHpA及PFHxA在以化纤为原料的生产过程中残留水平显著高于其他材料.Spearman相关性分析及主成分分析显示,官能团结构、碳链长度和前体物质降解是影响其来源的主要因素.生态风险分析结果表明,PFOA和PFOS的风险商值均小于1,尚未达到对生态环境和水生生物具有风险的水平.     

Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzoic acid catalyzed by eco-friendly cobalt thioporphyrazine catalyst supported on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres

A novel magnetically recoverable thioporphyrazine catalyst (CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4) was prepared by immobilization of the cobalt octkis(butylthio) porphyrazine complex (CoPz(S-Bu)8) on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres (SiO2@Fe3O4). The composite CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4 appeared to be an active catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant under Xe-lamp irradiation, with 36.4% conversion of benzyl alcohol, about 99% selectivity for benzoic acid and turnover number (TON) of 61.7 at ambient temperature. The biomimetic catalyst CoPz(S-Bu)8 was supported on the magnetic carrier SiO2@Fe3O4 so as to suspend it in aqueous solution to react with substrates, utilizing its lipophilicity. Meanwhile the CoPz(S-Bu)8 can use its unique advantages to control the selectivity of photocatalytic oxidation without the substrate being subjected to deep oxidation. The influence of various reaction parameters on the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol and selectivity of benzoic acid was investigated in detail. Moreover, photocatalytic oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols was obtained with high conversion and excellent selectivity, specifically conversion close to 70%, selectivity close to 100% and TON of 113.6 for para-position electron-donating groups. The selectivity and eco-friendliness of the biomimetic photocatalyst give it great potential for practical applications.     

CCME WQI在入海河流(鳌江)感潮河段水质评价中的应用

水质指数(WQI)在环境保护的日常工作中发挥了重要作用。以鳌江为例,运用加拿大环境部长理事会水质指数(CCME WQI)方法,选取pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、总磷、石油类、氟化物、阴离子表面活性剂、粪大肠菌群10项水质监测项目,评估了入海河流干流感潮河段4个监测断面的地表水环境质量,并对CCME WQI与最差因子法以及CCME WQI优缺点进行比较和分析。研究结果显示,2014年埭头、江屿、方岩渡、江口渡监测断面水质分别为良好、较差、中等、中等。与传统水质评价最差因子法比较,运用CCME WQI评价结果容忍度较高,更贴近实际水质状况。CCME WQI量化形式为属地流域环境管理带来便利。监测断面水质目标和参评项目对CCME WQI评价结果起决定性作用。针对CCME WQI在实际应用中存在的问题给出了建议。     

基于综合水质标识指数法的广州港深水航道海域水质评价研究

综合水质标识指数法能够全面评价流域水域的总体水质情况,客观、系统地表述被评价水域的水质类别、污染程度、水环境功能区达标情况等信息。选取广州港深水航道沿线3个代表区域,利用综合水质标识指数法对2006年-2014年的各区域海水水质监测数据进行计算,讨论广州港深水航道沿线水质时空变化规律。研究结果表明,珠江口海域广州港航道沿线综合水质级别由北向南呈现提升趋势,航道南部污染较轻,且各评价区2014年水质明显优于2006年。同时,有针对性地提出了珠江口海域环境保护对策和建议。研究结果可为该海域水污染防治提供数据支撑及理论依据。     

Study on carbon dioxide emission from reservoirs with different regulation types and its empirical prediction model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The construction of artificial reservoirs with various regulation types on river is currently an important form of comprehensive utilization of water...