Fate of antimicrobial resistance genes in response to application of poultry and swine manure in simulated manure-soil microcosms and manure-pond microcosms

This study aimed to determine the occurrence, abundance, and fate of nine important antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) (sul1, sul2, tetB, tetM, ermB, ermF, fexA, cfr, and Intl1) in the simulated soil and pond microcosms following poultry and swine manure application. Absolute quantitative PCR method was used to determine the gene copies. The results were modeled as a logarithmic regression (N?=?mlnt?+?b) to explore the fate of target genes. Genes sul1, Intl1, sul2, and tetM had the highest abundance following the application of the two manure types. The logarithmic regression model fitted the results well (R ² values up to 0.99). The reduction rate of all genes (except for the genes fexA and cfr) in manure-pond microcosms was faster than those in manure-soil microcosms. Importantly, sul1, intl1, sul2, and tetM had the lowest reduction rates in all the samples and the low reduction rates of tetM was the first time to be reported. These results indicated that ARG management should focus on using technologies for the ARG elimination before the manure applications rather than waiting for subsequent attenuation in soil or water, particularly the ARGs (such as sul1, intl1, sul2, and tetM investigated in this study) that had high abundance and low reduction rate in the soil and water after application of manure.     

南水北调中线水源区浮游植物与水质研究

2003~2005年对南水北调中线水源区水体浮游植物的调查结果表明,该水域共有浮游植物96种及变种,隶属于8门63属,其中种类最多的藻类植物依次是硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻.藻类的细胞密度表现出夏季最高、冬季最低的明显季节变化.运用Margalef和Menkinick多样性指数对该水域的水质进行评价,结果显示,水体为寡污型,基本处于中营养状态.图3表3参14     

食品废弃物厌氧消化产乙酸的研究

通过实验,研究了pH、总固体浓度(TS)、碳氮比(C/N)对食品废弃物厌氧消化产乙酸的影响,详细考察了挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的组成和浓度及乙酸浓度随时间的变化规律.结果表明,pH为6.5、TS为7%(质量分数)、C/N为16:1时,总VFA的最大质量浓度为31.56 g/L,乙酸的最大质量浓度为19.46 g/L.     

不同结构的人工湿地系统对溶解性有机物去除效率的研究

为研究溶解性有机物在生态修复系统中的降解与残留,构建石英砂、焦炭及曝气焦炭系统的人工湿地,比较填料及强化曝气对DOM代谢的影响,研究结果表明:填充焦炭的反应器处理COD、NH~+_4-N、DOC、蛋白质、多糖和UV_(254)的效果明显优于填充石英砂的反应器;表层连续曝气能有效地提高对COD和NH~+_4-N的去除效果,平均最优去除率分别为89.58%和51.15%,与未曝气组相比分别平均提高了4.22%和14.79%,COD和NH~+_4-N的去除与DOC中HPI组分的降解成相关性;系统表层进行曝气大大提高了系统对TPI-A中溶解性蛋白质的降解,降解率为65.9%,而对多糖中TPI-A组分的降解与未曝气相比无明显差异.     

Integrating life cycle assessment and a farmer survey of management practices to study environmental impacts of peach production in Beijing,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - While intensive peach production has expanded rapidly in recent years, few studies have explored the environmental impacts associated with specific...     

Integrated soil-crop system management: reducing environmental risk while increasing crop productivity and improving nutrient use efficiency in China

During the past 47 yr (1961-2007), Chinese cereal production has increased by 3.2-fold, successfully feeding 22% of the global human population with only 9% of the world's arable land, but at high environmental cost and resource consumption. Worse, crop production has been stagnant since 1996 while the population and demand for food continue to rise. New advances for sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services will be needed during the coming 50 yr to reduce environmental risk while increasing crop productivity and improving nutrient use efficiency. Here, we advocate and develop integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM). In this approach, the key points are (i) to take all possible soil quality improvement measures into consideration, (ii) to integrate the utilization of various nutrient resources and match nutrient supply to crop requirements, and (iii) to integrate soil and nutrient management with high-yielding cultivation systems. Recent field experiments have shed light on how ISSM can lead to significant increases in crop yields while increasing nutrient use efficiency and reducing environmental risk.     

Modelling the symmetrical and asymmetrical effects of global oil prices on local food prices: A MENA region application

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper explores the complex nexus between the global oil prices and the food prices of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the...     

土霉素残留在模型池塘生态系统中的消除与迁移规律

按生态学方法建立和培育模型池塘生态系统,选择符合要求的生态池分别添加0.8 mg L-1、4.0 mg L-1、20.0mg L-1和100 mg L-1盐酸土霉素,定期采集水样和底泥样品,用高效液相色谱方法进行药物浓度测定.结果表明,水中药物在用药后消除迅速,其消除半衰期分别为27.32 h、34.10 h、45.25 h、56.07 h.底泥中土霉素消除较缓慢,底泥0～2 cm表层中的土霉素消除半衰期分别为38.18 d、36.75 d、46.75 d、33.38 d.底泥2～4 cm中的土霉素消除半衰期分别为53.45 d、59.58 d、47.17 d、50.83 d.结果提示,底泥中的土霉素大部分以原形药物形式存在,并有明显的从表层向下层迁移的过程;土霉素的浓度对底泥中土霉素的半衰期和平均滞留时间无明显影响.表8参15