CFD simulation of MSW combustion and SNCR in a commercial incinerator

A CFD scheme was presented for modeling municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion in a moving-grate incinerator, including the in-bed burning of solid wastes, the out-of-bed burnout of gaseous volatiles, and the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process between urea (CO(NH₂)₂) and NO_x. The in-bed calculations provided 2-D profiles of the gas–solid temperatures and the gas species concentrations along the bed length, which were then used as inlet conditions for the out-of-bed computations. The over-bed simulations provided the profiles of incident radiation heat flux on the top of bed. A 3-dimensional benchmark simulation was conducted with a 750 t/day commercial incinerator using the present coupling scheme incorporating with a reduced SNCR reduction mechanism. Numerical tests were performed to investigate the effects of operating parameters such as injection position, injection speed and the normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR) on the SNCR performance. The simulation results showed that the distributions of gas velocity, temperature and NO_x concentration were highly non-uniform, which made the injection position one of the most sensitive operating parameters influencing the SNCR performance of moving grate incinerators. The simulation results also showed that multi-layer injections were needed to meet the EU2000 standard, and a NSR 1.5 was suggested as a compromise of a satisfactory NO_x reduction and reasonable NH₃ slip rates. This work provided useful guides to the design and operation of SNCR process in moving-grate incinerators.     

浅淡监测数据的共享与社会效应

结合工作实际对如何有效利用监测数据进行了探讨 ,并引申出监测数据的 4种效应 ,即信息效应、价值效应、广告效应和政治效应。     

食用菌深层发酵处理豆制品废水

豆制品废水是一类高浓度有机废水，富含有机质，通过食和菌深层发酵处理可获取大量单细胞蛋白，同时又可大幅度降低其CODCr值（去除率达90％以上），为进一步处理提供了可能。     

活性炭纤维低温脱除模拟烟气中的VOC

采用H2O2浸渍的修饰方法对ACF进行化学改性,并利用氮吸附等温线和XPS（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy）的方法对ACF样品进行表征。通过在反应床上开展吸附实验,由此测定改性前后ACF脱除VOC（甲苯作为VOC的代表物）的效果,同时考察氧气、温度、水蒸气等因素对ACF脱除甲苯的影响。研究发现,改性使得ACF样品比表面积和孔容略有降低,但表面含氧官能团含量增加,吸附甲苯的能力也因此增强。当模拟烟气中O2浓度为5%时,ACF脱除VOC效果达到最佳,超过5%之后,氧的促进效果不再明显;温度40℃为最佳吸附温度;当烟气中加入水蒸气时,ACF对VOC的脱除效率降低。     

模拟废水丁二酸的催化湿式氧化处理

对催化湿式氧化专用的TiO₂载体及Ru-TiO₂催化剂的抗压强度、比表面积、孔体积、平均粒径、晶体结构等重要物性参数进行了表征.在间歇式反应釜上研究了Ru-TiO₂催化剂在处理模拟废水丁二酸(7.40g/L,COD=7000mg/L)中的催化活性、影响因素及金属溶出问题.研究表明:在Ru含量相同的情况下,载体的比表面积、孔体积越大,催化活性越高.经过表面处理的载体制备的催化剂活性显著提高(COD去除率增加约10%).反应受温度、pH值等因素的影响:在反应温度270℃,pH=11.00,起始压力2.3MPa,反应压力7.1MPa条件下,经30min反应,COD去除率为67.4%～95.4%.在间歇式反应釜中连续运行12次后,催化活性稳定,Ru流失甚微.在200L/d的小型工业化装置上一个月的运行,保持COD去除率大于99%,NH₃-N去除率约100%.     

垃圾焚烧炉炉拱改造与燃烧优化的数值模拟

炉排式垃圾焚烧炉在处理比设计水分高、热值低的垃圾时,容易出现着火位置滞后、垃圾＂烧不透＂、残炭含量高等问题。采用FLIC软件的床层模型和商业软件FLUENT,对焚烧炉炉排和炉膛燃烧过程进行了模拟计算。结合某城市生活垃圾焚烧炉存在的燃烧不完全问题,通过一系列的数值实验,探索后拱高度和挡板的有无对燃烧过程的影响。比较了炉拱辐射强度、挥发分质量分数、温度沿炉排长度方向的分布以及炉膛内的速度矢量图。结果表明,降低后拱高度或增加挡板均可使着火位置有不同程度的前移;同时降低炉拱高度和增加挡板可使着火位置前移约1.1 m,提前进入稳定燃烧阶段。     

北方湖泊水化学特征与发展态势

通过对国家级自然保护区的核心区达里诺尔湖水环境４年的研究,得出：有着典型代表的达里诺尔北方湖泊水环境以含盐量高、碱度大为主要化学特征,而且随着生态环境的破坏、湖水蒸发量的逐年增加,湖泊水质有着明显的恶化趋势。     

“数学期望”—在环境管理中的应用

随着我国环境保护事业的发展,环境管理向科学化、定量化迈进的同时,工业企业已是我国环境管理工作的重点。如何用一种有效、简单的方法,确定出重点工业污染源,是推动我国环境管理工作向前发展的有效途径之一。本文针对这一问题用“数学期望”做了一个尝试。     

Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds and their potential antioxidant activities

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - For thousands of years, plant has been widely applied in the medical area and is an important part of human diet. A high content of nutrients could be...