浅谈循环经济理念下工业固体废物资源化

探讨了从循环经济理论的角度论述了转变传统工业发展模式的必要性,分析了吉林省工业固体废物的现状、主要种类及其资源化的有效途径和具体措施,提出了循环经济在吉林省工业固体废物资源化方面的实践和集环境、社会、经济三大效益于一体的新思路.     

Eco county construction in China

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎＣｈｉｎａ，ｃｏｕｎｔｙｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙｕｎｉｔｉｎａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ．Ｉｔｈａｓｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔａｕｔｈｏｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｐｏｌｉｃｙｍａｋｉｎｇａｎｄａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ．Ｉｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌ，ａｃｏｕｎｔｙｈａｓａｌａｎｄａｒｅａｏｆ１０００—４０００ｋｍ２ｗｉｔｈａｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆ０－２—０－８ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ．Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ１９９０ｓ，ｃｏｕｎｔｙｉｓｒ…     

Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus removal,shifts of functional bacteria and fate of resistance genes in bioretention systems under sulfamethoxazole stress

To understand the long-term performance of bioretention systems under sulfamethoxazole (SMX) stress, an unplanted bioretention system (BRS) and two modified BRSs with coconut-shell activated carbon (CAC) and CAC/zero-valent-iron (Fe0) granules (CAC-BRS and Fe/CAC-BRS) were established. Both CAC-BRS and Fe/CAC-BRS significantly outperformed BRS in removing total nitrogen (TN)(CAC-BRS:82.48%; Fe/CAC-BRS:78.08%; BRS:47.51%), total phosphorous (TP)(CAC-BRS:79.36%; Fe/CAC-BRS:98.26%; BRS:41.99%),and...     

Field assessment of straw pellet combustion in improved heating stoves in rural Northeast China

Straw pellets are widely promoted and expected to be a cleaner alternative fuel to unprocessed crop residues and raw coal in rural China.However,the effectiveness of these dissemination programs is not well evaluated.In this?eld study,emission characteristics of burning straw pellets,raw coal,and unprocessed corn cobs in heating stoves were investigated in a pilot village in Northeast China.Emission measurements covering the whole combustion cycle (ignition,?aming,and smoldering phases) shows th...     

Atmospheric HONO formation during and after the Spring Festival holidays in a coastal city of China

Nitrous acid(HONO) is an important source of hydrogen oxides(HOx), which affects air quality, the atmospheric oxidation capacity, and human health. Here, we present ambient measurements of the HONO concentrations in Zhuhai, a coastal city in Southern China,from February 7 to March 15, 2021. The campaign was classified into two periods during(P1) and after(P2) the Spring Festival holidays. The average HONO mixing ratio during P2(1.19 ± 0.85 ppbv) was much higher than that during P1(0.24 ± 0.18 pp...     

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue（MB） over Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） system, Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO3 in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO3 for the degradation of MB.However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO3 was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 prepared at500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB（10 ppm）under UV-visible light for 180 min.     

顶空进样-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中三氯乙醛

用氢氧化钠处理水样,将水样中的三氯乙醛转化为三氯甲烷,用顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用法间接测定水中三氯乙醛,通过优化试验条件,使该方法在1.00μg/L~20.0μg/L之间线性良好,方法检出限为0.12μg/L。用该方法测定3个质量浓度水平的空白加标样,RSD为2.6%~4.4%,回收率为99.4%~101%。3批实际水样只有废水样检出三氯乙醛,实际水样加标回收率为76.2%~104%。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from drinking water sources of Taihu Lake, China: sources, partitioning and toxicological risk

Sources, partitioning and toxicological risk of 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from drinking water sources of Taihu Lake, with an area of 2428 km(2) located in the most developed and populated area of China, were studied, and the results were compared with those in other lakes of China and the USA. Concentrations of the 15 PAHs in sediments ranged from 436.6 to 1334.9 ng g(-1) (dw). Gasoline combustion, coal combustion, diesel combustion from shipping and spillage of petroleum were apportioned to be the main sources of PAHs in this area by principal component analysis, which contributed 35.19%, 26.43%, 25.41% and 12.97% to the PAH sources estimated by further multiple linear regression. Levels of PAHs in sediments were negatively correlated with contents of clay and fine silt (<16 μm), while positively with contents of medium silt, coarse silt and sand (>16 μm). Humin with size larger than 16 μm contained the largest part of the burden of PAHs in sediments, but the specific partitioning domain (bound humic acid, lipid or insoluble residue) depended on properties of organic matter reflected by optical absorbance at 465 and 665 nm. Total toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (TEQ(carc)) of the carcinogenic PAHs in sediments varied from 31.8 to 209.3 ngTEQ(carc) g(-1). Benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene contributed 45.36 and 25.31% to total TEQ(carc), posing high toxicological risk to this area.     

Arsenic accumulation and speciation in the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L.

Introduction

Ceratophyllum demersum L. is a widespread submerged macrophyte in aquatic environments.

Methods

Simulation experiments were conducted in the laboratory to investigate arsenic (As) accumulation, speciation, and efflux of C. demersum exposed to arsenate and arsenite solutions.

Results

Plant shoots showed a significant accumulation of As with a maximum of 862 and 963???g?As?g^?1 dry weight after 4?days of exposure to 10???M arsenate and arsenite, respectively. Regardless of whether arsenate or arsenite was supplied to the plants, arsenite was the predominant species in plant shoots. Furthermore, a dramatically higher influx rate of arsenate compared with arsenite was observed in C. demersum exposed to As solutions without the addition of phosphate (P). Arsenate uptake was considerably inhibited by P in this study, suggesting that arsenate is taken up by C. demersum via the phosphate transporters. However, arsenite uptake was unaffected by P and markedly reduced in the presence of glycerol and antimonite (Sb), indicating arsenite shares the aquaporin transport pathway. In addition, C. demersum rapidly reduces arsenate to arsenite in the shoot of the plant and extrudes most of them (>60?%) to the external solutions. The efflux of arsenite was much higher than that of arsenate; the former is supposed to be both active and passive processes, and the latter through passive leakage.

Conclusion

C. demersum is a strong As accumulator and an interesting model plant to study As uptake and metabolism due to the lack of a root-to-shoot translocation barrier.     

Enhanced mercuric chloride adsorption onto sulfur-modified activated carbons derived from waste tires

A number of activated carbons derived from waste tires were further impregnated by gaseous elemental sulfur at temperatures of 400 and 650 degrees C, with a carbon and sulfur mass ratio of 1:3. The capabilities of sulfur diffusing into the micropores of the activated carbons were significantly different between 400 and 650 degrees C, resulting in obvious dissimilarities in the sulfur content of the activated carbons. The sulfur-impregnated activated carbons were examined for the adsorptive capacity of gas-phase mercuric chloride (HgC1) by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analytical precision of TGA was up to 10(-6) g at the inlet HgCl2 concentrations of 100, 300, and 500 microg/m3, for an adsorption time of 3 hr and an adsorption temperature of 150 degrees C, simulating the flue gas emitted from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators. Experimental results showed that sulfur modification can slightly reduce the specific surface area of activated carbons. High-surface-area activated carbons after sulfur modification had abundant mesopores and micropores, whereas low-surface-area activated carbons had abundant macropores and mesopores. Sulfur molecules were evenly distributed on the surface of the inner pores after sulfur modification, and the sulfur content of the activated carbons increased from 2-2.5% to 5-11%. After sulfur modification, the adsorptive capacity of HgCl2 for high-surface-area sulfurized activated carbons reached 1.557 mg/g (22 times higher than the virgin activated carbons). The injection of activated carbons was followed by fabric filtration, which is commonly used to remove HgCl2 from MSW incinerators. The residence time of activated carbons collected in the fabric filter is commonly about 1 hr, but the time required to achieve equilibrium is less than 10 min. Consequently, it is worthwhile to compare the adsorption rates of HgCl2 in the time intervals of < 10 and 10-60 min.