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排序方式: 共有86条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kawakami T Eun H Ishizaka M Endo S Tamura K Higashi T 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(1):1-8
The objective of this study was to clarify the adsorption and desorption characteristics of several herbicides in sediment. Five herbicides, esprocarb, thiobencarb, dimethametryn, pretilachlor, and simetryn were examined in this study. The adsorption ratio on the sediment increased in the following order: pretilachlor < dimethametryn < simetryn < thiobencarb < esprocarb. On the other hand, the adsorption ratio on the sediment without organic matter increased in the following order: thiobencarb < esprocarb < pretilachlor < dimethametryn < simetryn. Furthermore, the amounts of simetryn, dimethametryn, and pretilachlor adsorbed on the sediment without organic matter increased, while those of esprocarb and thiobencarb decreased in comparison to the original sediment. These results strongly suggested that the mineral surface in the sediment was very important as the adsorption site for the herbicide, especially in the case of simetryn, dimethametryn, and pretilachlor. All the adsorption and desorption data fitted well with the Freundlich equation. The hysteresis in the adsorption-desorption phenomena in the sediment was observed for all the herbicides, and it was affected by the organic matter in sediment, especially in the case of dimethametryn and pretilachlor. 相似文献
2.
Se Jin Choi Ssang Sun Jun Jae Eun Oh Paulo J. M. Monteiro 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(4):275-282
This article investigates the effects of stone powder sludge on the microstructure and strength development of alkali-activated fly ash and blast furnace slag mixes. Stone powder sludge produced from a crushed aggregate factory was used to replace fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag at replacement ratios of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by mass. The unit weight and compressive strength of the samples were measured, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed. The test results indicated that the compressive strength of alkali-activated blast furnace slag mixes using stone powder sludge was higher than that of the alkali-activated blast furnace slag control mix, but the compressive strength of alkali-activated fly ash mixes decreased with increasing replacement ratio of stone powder sludge. Microscopy results indicated that for alkaliactivated blast furnace slag samples, broken surfaces were more evident than for the alkali-activated fly ash samples. For all XRD diagrams, broad and diffuse peaks were observed around 2θ = 35° (d = 2.96–3.03 Å), implying amorphous or short-ordering structure phases. 相似文献
3.
The utilization of captured CO2 as a part of the CO2 capture and storage system to produce biopolymers could address current environmental issues such as global warming and depletion of resources. In this study, the effect of feeding strategies of CO2 and valeric acid on cell growth and synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] in Cupriavidus necator was investigated to determine the optimal conditions for microbial growth and biopolymer accumulation. Among the studied CO2 concentrations (1–20 %), microbial growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation were optimal at 1 % CO2 using a gas mixture at H2:O2:N2 = 7:1:91 % (v/v). When valeric acid was fed together with 1 % CO2, (R)-3-hydroxyvalerate synthesis increased with increasing valeric acid concentration up to 0.1 %, but (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate synthesis was inhibited at >0.05 % valeric acid. Sequential addition of valeric acid (0.05 % at Day 0 followed by 0.025 % at Day 2) showed an increase in 3HV fraction without inhibitory effects on 3HB synthesis during 4 d accumulation period. The resulting P(3HB-co-3HV) with 17–32 mol % of 3HV is likely to be biocompatible. The optimal concentrations and feeding strategies of CO2 and valeric acid determined in this study for microbial P(3HB-co-3HV) synthesis can be used to produce biocompatible P(3HB-co-3HV). 相似文献
4.
Katase T Okuda K Kim YS Eun H Takada H Uchiyama T Saito H Makino M Fujimoto Y 《Chemosphere》2008,70(11):1961-1972
Thirteen isomers of branched para-nonylphenols (para-NP) in three technical mixtures were isomer-specifically determined using their synthesized standards by SIM of structurally specific ions, m/z 135, 149 or 163 with GC–MS. Of the 13 isomers, four isomers, 4-(2,4-dimethylheptan-4-yl)phenol, 4-(4-methyloctan-4-yl)phenol, 4-(3-ethyl-2-methylhexan-2-yl)phenol (3E22NP) and 4-(2,3-dimethylheptan-2-yl)phenol synthesized for their determinations were first used as standard substances. The 13 isomers in the technical mixtures individually occurred at mass percent portion of more than 2%. The total mass percent portions in the mixtures from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI), Aldrich, and Fluka covered with 89 ± 2%, 75 ± 4% and 77 ± 2%, respectively. The abundance of 4-(3,6-dimethylheptan-3-yl)phenol in the three mixtures was the largest with 11.1 ± 2% to 9.9 ± 0.3%, while that of 4-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenol was the smallest with 2.9 ± 0.3% to 3.0 ± 0.2%. Additionally, structures of four new isomers of more than 1% portion present in a technical mixture were elucidated as two pairs of diastereomeric isomers: two types of 4-(3,4-dimethylheptan-4-yl)phenol (344NP) and those of 4-(3,4-dimethylheptan-3-yl)phenol (343NP). By estrogenic assay of 13 isomers with yeast estrogen screen system, the activity of 3E22NP was the highest, while that of 4-(3-methyloctan-3-yl)phenol was the least. Their relative activities to that of 3E22NP were individually calculated. Estrogenic equivalent concentrations of the three technical mixtures were predictively evaluated. The ratio of the EEC to the conventional concentration, total mass percent portions of the 13 isomers in technical mixtures were 0.208 for TCI, 0.206 for Aldrich and 0.205 for Fluka. The predicted estrogenic activity of measured concentration of para-NP in technical mixtures was approximately 5-fold greater than the measured estrogen agonist activity. 相似文献
5.
Effects of salinity on endogenous rhythm of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia: Veneridae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, an intertidal bivalve, was exposed to different salinity regimes (from 31.0–31.7‰ down to 20‰, 15‰, 10‰, 5‰), and the endogenous
rhythm in its oxygen consumption was studied using an automatic intermittent-flow respirometer. When exposed to salinities
reduced from 31.5‰ to 20‰ and 15‰ under otherwise constant conditions, the clams recovered a clear endogenous circatidal rhythm
in their oxygen-consumption rate after having dampened periods of 12 h and 48 h, respectively. At salinities less than 10‰,
however, the oxygen-consumption rate was depressed greatly at the beginning of the experiment for about 36 h and then increased
to a level higher than normal, but the rhythm of oxygen consumption was not recovered. The results of this study indicate
that the Manila clam, a euryhaline organism, cannot maintain a normal metabolic activity at a salinity lower than 15‰. All
clams were dead after exposure at a salinity of 5‰ for 7 days.
Received: 28 February 2000 / Accepted: 26 August 2000 相似文献
6.
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8.
Social media and disasters: a functional framework for social media use in disaster planning,response, and research 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Brian Houston Joshua Hawthorne Mildred F. Perreault Eun Hae Park Marlo Goldstein Hode Michael R. Halliwell Sarah E. Turner McGowen Rachel Davis Shivani Vaid Jonathan A. McElderry Stanford A. Griffith 《Disasters》2015,39(1):1-22
A comprehensive review of online, official, and scientific literature was carried out in 2012–13 to develop a framework of disaster social media. This framework can be used to facilitate the creation of disaster social media tools, the formulation of disaster social media implementation processes, and the scientific study of disaster social media effects. Disaster social media users in the framework include communities, government, individuals, organisations, and media outlets. Fifteen distinct disaster social media uses were identified, ranging from preparing and receiving disaster preparedness information and warnings and signalling and detecting disasters prior to an event to (re)connecting community members following a disaster. The framework illustrates that a variety of entities may utilise and produce disaster social media content. Consequently, disaster social media use can be conceptualised as occurring at a number of levels, even within the same disaster. Suggestions are provided on how the proposed framework can inform future disaster social media development and research. 相似文献
9.
Eun Jung Choy Qtae Jo Hyo-Bang Moon Chang-Keun Kang Ju-Chan Kang 《Marine Biology》2007,151(1):157-165
The time-course of uptake and elimination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) for the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas and reproduction damage and reproductive outputs were studied. Sexually immature C. gigas broodstock were fed for 28 days with live algae grown in four BaP solutions of 0, 50, 500, and 5,000 μg L−1 (hereafter, control, 50, 500, and 5,000 oysters) and were subsequently conditioned to maturation by a feeding with BaP-free
live algae under temperature manipulation for another 28 days. The 5,000 μg L−1 oysters gained a steady state concentration, around 30,000 ng g−1 d.w. for digestive gland, a week earlier compared to the 500 μg L−1 oysters. The earlier gain or longer persistence of the steady state concentration influenced elimination of BaP, with an
eliminating trend for 500 μg L−1 oysters, while no elimination for 5,000 μg L−1 oysters. The maternal persistence of the steady state concentration resulted in significant damages in the reproductive success
and their reproductive outputs in terms of the hatching rate and larval growth, survival, and settlement. The 50 μg L−1 oysters remained far below the steady state concentration, and showed a manifest eliminating behavior during the subsequent
BaP-free 28 day maturation period. The reproductive success and initial larval events of 50 μg L−1 oysters were comparable to those of control. However, the damage potential of the 50 μg L−1 oysters might be more significant if their maternal exposure continued beyond 28 days, since the accumulation profile at this
dose was linear. 相似文献
10.
Junmo Ahn Eun Hea Jho Moonkyung Kim Kyoungphile Nam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2016,24(2):98-103
Bacterial synthesis of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) copolymer [P(3HB-co-3HV)] using the hydrolysate of rice straw waste as a carbon source was affected by the composition of the hydrolysate, which depends highly on the rice straw pretreatment condition. Acid digestion with 2 % sulfuric acid generated larger production of P(3HB-co-3HV) than 6 % sulfuric acid, but 3HV concentration in the copolymer produced with 2 % acid hydrolysate was only 8.8 % compared to 18.1 % with 6 % acid hydrolysate. To obtain a higher 3HV mole fraction for enhanced flexibility of the copolymer, an additional heating was conducted with the 2 % acid hydrolysate after removal of residual rice straw. As the additional heating time increased a higher concentration of levulinic acid was generated, and consequently, the mole fraction of 3HV in P(3HB-co-3HV) increased. Among the conditions tested (i.e., 20-, 40-, 60-min), 60-min additional heating following 2 % sulfuric acid digestion achieved the highest 3HV mole fraction of 22.9 %. However, a longer heating time decreased the P(3HB-co-3HV) productivity, probably due to the increased intermediates concentrations acting as inhibitors in the hydrolysates. Therefore, the use of additional heating needs to consider both the increase in the 3HV mole fraction and the decrease in the P(3HB-co-3HV) productivity. 相似文献