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1.
2.
Recruitment patterns of marine invertebrates are affected both by settlement and early post-settlement events. This study
examined the settlement and recruitment patterns of echinoderms at three sites in the rocky subtidal zone of Bocabec Cove,
Bay of Fundy, Canada using artificial turf collectors and quadrats on the natural substrate. Potential predators were quantified
at two of the sites along transects and in 1-m2 quadrats. Both potential predators and competitors were quantified in 0.0625-m2 quadrats. Settlement varied across sites (1.5–3 km apart) and two years of sampling (2004, 2005). The site of most potential
settlement differed for the three groups of echinoderms: sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis), sea stars (Asterias spp.) and sea cucumber (Psolus fabricii). Settlement densities on the artificial turf collectors tended to be greater than the densities of settlers on the natural
substrate. On the natural substrate, the only significant difference between densities of juveniles over time was that newly
settled sea stars were found in July and were not found the following October. Large lobsters and carnivorous worms were potential
predators with densities that varied between sites. Potential competitors that differed in abundance between sites were herbivorous
gastropods and conspecifics for sea urchins; and carnivorous worms for sea stars. This study suggests that patterns of recruitment
are either set up by patterns of settlement or by events during the first few weeks/months on the benthic substrate for these
echinoderms. 相似文献
3.
Kyoung S. Ro Patrick G. Hunt Michael A. Jackson David L. Compton Scott R. Yates Keri Cantrell SeChin Chang 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(8):1520-1528
Manure-derived biochar is the solid product resulting from pyrolysis of animal manures. It has considerable potential both to improve soil quality with high levels of nutrients and to reduce contaminants in water and soil. However, the combustible gas produced from manure pyrolysis generally does not provide enough energy to sustain the pyrolysis process. Supplementing this process may be achieved with spent agricultural plastic films; these feedstocks have large amounts of available energy. Plastic films are often used in soil fumigation. They are usually disposed in landfills, which is wasteful, expensive, and environmentally unsustainable. The objective of this work was to investigate both the energetics of co-pyrolyzing swine solids with spent plastic mulch films (SPM) and the characteristics of its gas, liquid, and solid byproducts. The heating value of the product gas from co-pyrolysis was found to be much higher than that of natural gas; furthermore, the gas had no detectable toxic fumigants. Energetically, sustaining pyrolysis of the swine solids through the energy of the product gas could be achieved by co-pyrolyzing dewatered swine solids (25% m/m) with just 10% SPM. If more than 10% SPM is used, the co-pyrolysis would generate surplus energy which could be used for power generation. Biochars produced from co-pyrolyzing SPM and swine solid were similar to swine solid alone based on the surface area and the 1H NMR spectra. The results of this study demonstrated the potential of using pyrolysis technology to manage two prominent agricultural waste streams (SPM and swine solids) while producing value-added biochar and a power source that could be used for local farm operations. 相似文献
4.
5.
The Asian Network on Climate Science and Technology (www.ancst.org), in collaboration
with Tsinghua University, held a conference on environmental and climate science, air
pollution, urban planning and transportation in July 2015, with over 40 Asian experts
participating and presentation. This was followed by a meeting with local government and
community experts on the practical conclusions of the conference. Of the papers presented
at the conference a selection are included in this special issue of Journal of Environmental
Science, which also reflects the conclusions of the Paris Climate meeting in Dec 2015, when
the major nations of the world agreed about the compelling need to reduce the upward
trend of adverse impacts associated with global climate change. Now is the time for urban
areas to work out the serious consequences for their populations, but also how they should
work together to take action to reduce global warming to benefit their own communities
and also the whole planet! 相似文献
6.
Constance Gordon Kathleen Hunt 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2019,13(1):9-22
Food ecologies and economies are vital to the survival of communities, non-human species, and our planet. While environmental communication scholars have legitimated food as a topic of inquiry, the entangled ecological, cultural, economic, racial, colonial, and alimentary relations that sustain food systems demand greater attention. In this essay, we review literature within and beyond environmental communication, charting the landscape of critical food work in our field. We then illustrate how environmental justice commitments can invigorate interdisciplinary food systems-focused communication scholarship articulating issues of, and critical responses to, injustice and inequity across the food chain. We stake an agenda for food systems communication by mapping three orientations—food system reform, justice, and sovereignty—that can assist in our critical engagements with and interventions into the food system. Ultimately, we entreat environmental communication scholars to attend to the bends, textures, and confluences of these orientations so that we may deepen our future food-related inquiries. 相似文献
7.
Anaerobic lagoons are commonly used for the treatment of swine wastewater. Although these lagoons were once thought to be relatively simple, their physical, chemical, and biological processes are very complex. This study of anaerobic lagoons had two objectives: (i) to quantify denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) and (ii) to evaluate the influence of lagoon characteristics on the DEA. The DEA was measured by the acetylene inhibition method. Wastewater samples and physical and chemical measurements were taken from the wastewater column of nine anaerobic swine lagoons from May 2006 to May 2009. These lagoons were typical for anaerobic swine lagoons in the Carolinas relative to their size, operation, and chemical and physical characteristics. Their mean value for DEA was 87 mg N2O-N m(-3) d(-1). In a lagoon with 2-m depth, this rate of DEA would be compatible with 1.74 kg N ha(-1) d(-1) When nonlimiting nitrate was added, the highest DEA was compatible with 4.38 kg N ha(-1) d(-1) loss. Using stepwise regression for this treatment, the lagoon characteristics (i.e., soluble organic carbon, total nitrogen, temperature, and NO3-N) provided a final step model R2 of 0.69. Nitrous oxide from incomplete denitrification was not a significant part of the system nitrogen balance. Although alternate pathways of denitrification may exist within or beneath the wastewater column, this paper documents the lack of sufficient denitrification enzyme activity within the wastewater column of these anaerobic lagoons to support large N2 gas losses via classical nitrification and denitrification. 相似文献
8.
Thomas C. Curran William F. Hunt Jr. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):711-714
San Diego Gas &; Electric has developed a quality assurance program for continuous emission monitors (CEM). Extractive, rather than in situ, monitors were selected as a result of an in-house evaluation program. Two extractive systems have been certified and a good operating and maintenance record has been established on these systems. A successful program requires the involvement and support of all affected personnel. It is desirable to have one or two key personnel coordinate the development of the program. It is also highly desirable to have good in-house source testing capabilities. 相似文献
9.
Gary E. Hunt 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):672-680
The metal finishing industry uses over 40 production processes to produce a wide range of metal products. Waste streams generated include wastewater, waste oils, spent solvents, and spent process solutions. Currently a wide variety of techniques which minimize waste are available. Cost-effective methods to reduce electroplating wastewater contamination include water conservation and drag-out reduction, recovery and management. Ways to cost-effectively reduce the generation of spent metal-working fluids include establishing a fluid management program and installing a fluid recovery system. However, before any techniques are selected, a waste reduction survey should first be conducted. 相似文献
10.
Melissa Day Sherri Hunt Kirk R. Baker Megan Beardsley Gregory Frost 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1023-1048
Emission inventories are the foundation for cost-effective air quality management activities. In 2005, a report by the public/private partnership North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of North American emissions inventories and made recommendations for improving their effectiveness. This paper reviews the recommendation areas and briefly discusses what has been addressed, what remains unchanged, and new questions that have arisen. The findings reveal that all emissions inventory improvement areas identified by the 2005 NARSTO publication have been explored and implemented to some degree. The U.S. National Emissions Inventory has become more detailed and has incorporated new research into previously under-characterized sources such as fine particles and biomass burning. Additionally, it is now easier to access the emissions inventory and the documentation of the inventory via the internet. However, many emissions-related research needs exist, on topics such as emission estimation methods, speciation, scalable emission factor development, incorporation of new emission measurement techniques, estimation of uncertainty, top-down verification, and analysis of uncharacterized sources. A common theme throughout this retrospective summary is the need for increased coordination among stakeholders. Researchers and inventory developers must work together to ensure that planned emissions research and new findings can be used to update the emissions inventory. To continue to address emissions inventory challenges, industry, the scientific community, and government agencies need to continue to leverage resources and collaborate as often as possible. As evidenced by the progress noted, continued investment in and coordination of emissions inventory activities will provide dividends to air quality management programs across the country, continent, and world.Implications: In 2005, a report by the public/private partnership North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of North American air pollution emissions inventories. This paper reviews the eight recommendation areas and briefly discusses what has been addressed, what remains unchanged, and new questions that have arisen. Although progress has been made, many opportunities exist for the scientific agencies, industry, and government agencies to leverage resources and collaborate to continue improving emissions inventories. 相似文献