重庆市主城区春夏季不同粒径颗粒物污染特征分析

采用多通道采样器,采集重庆市主城区PM1.0、PM2.5和PM103种粒径的颗粒物样品,结果显示采样期间PM1.0、PM2.5和PM10日浓度均值分别为0.057 mg/m3、0.075 mg/m3和0.120 mg/m3,主城区颗粒物污染较为严重。对3种粒径颗粒物样品中的碳组分、水溶性组分以及无机污染元素组分进行分析...     

Air and groundwater pollution in an agricultural region of the Turkish Mediterranean coast

Air pollution and groundwater pollution in conjunction with agricultural activity were investigated in Antayla province on the Turkish Mediterranean coast. The air pollution was investigated in terms of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), and particulate matter for a 6-month period in the atmosphere using a "filter pack" system, which was developed and optimized in our laboratory. Ozone was measured by using an automated analyzer. Among all of the gas-phase pollutants, HNO3 had the lowest concentration (0.42 microg x m(-3)) followed by NH3. Agricultural activities seem to be the major source of observed NH3 in the air. The current state of water pollution was investigated in terms of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides around the greenhouses, in which mainly tomato, pepper, and eggplant are cultivated. Water samples were collected from 40 points, 28 of which were wells and 12 of which were surface water. The pesticide concentrations in water samples were determined by means of solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by a gas chromatography (GC)-electron capture detector (ECD)/nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) system. In general, surface water samples were more polluted by the pesticides than groundwater samples. The most frequently observed pesticides were chlorpyriphos (57%) and aldrin (79%) in groundwater, and chlorpyriphos (75%), aldrin, and endosulfan sulfate (83%) in surface water samples. The highest concentrations were observed for fenamiphos (394.8 ng/L) and aldrin (68.51 ng/L) in groundwater, and dichlorvos (322.2 ng/L) and endosulfan sulfate (89.5 ng/L) in surface water samples. At least one pesticide had a concentration above the health limit in 38% of all the water samples analyzed.     

碳中和愿景的实现路径与政策体系

习近平主席在第七十五届联合国大会上郑重承诺中国将努力争取2060年实现碳中和目标，为中国未来低碳转型促进经济高质量发展、生态文明建设指明了方向、明确了目标，也提振了全球应对气候变化的信心。作为排放量全球最大的发展中国家，在2030年前达峰后用三十年左右的时间很快地实现碳中和愿景，任务异常艰巨，但总体上排放路径必然呈现尽早达峰、稳中有降、快速降低、趋稳中和的过程。支撑碳中和的技术几乎涉及所有的产业和经济活动，从控制碳排放途径的角度可以分为高能效循环利用技术、零碳能源技术、负排放技术。政府、企业、个人在迈向碳中和愿景进程中具有至关重要而又各有侧重的作用，需要科学的政策体系以形成系统有效的激励机制，促进资本和人才朝着碳中和技术创新和市场化推广应用方向快速汇集。     

基于二值逻辑的复合绝缘子状态判别策略研究

复合绝缘子是架空输电线路上广泛使用的设备,它的老化会给电力系统的正常运行带来威胁。电力相关工作人员需要一种能够对复合绝缘子的运行状态进行判别的方法,帮助他们确定复合绝缘子是否满足运行要求,而对复合绝缘子的定性表征就成为一种优选的表征策略。将运行后的复合绝缘子分成"满足运行要求"和"不满足运行要求",使用二值逻辑回归模型,选取合适的特征量,建立了复合绝缘子状态表征体系。     

气候政策研究中的数学模型评述

按照成本分析和综合分析2个层次，分别介绍了投入产出模型、可计算一般均衡模型、宏观计量经济模型、工程经济模型、动态能源优化模型、能源系统模拟模型、综合评估模型等不同模型方法的特点及其在气候政策分析中的应用。指出可计算一般均衡模型是应用得最为广泛的方法之一。概括了气候政策模型研究的4个发展趋势，包括加强综合评估模型的应用、扩展成本与效益的内涵、注重不同模型之间的比较、强调不确定性分析。结果中国研究现状，分析了当前面昨的问题，认为国内气候政策模型研究与中国在国际气候变化领域的地位仍不相称，强度要进一步加强研究队伍建设、扩展研究领域、跟踪国际研究前沿问题，以便为国家的气候谈判政策提供更有效的科学依据和决策支持。     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

珠江口西岸冬季海陆风背景下羰基化合物的初步研究

于2008年12月7~9日对珠江三角洲新垦的大气环境进行连续加强观测,采用DNPH-HPLC/UV分析方法测量了冬季海陆风条件下大气挥发性羰基化合物的组成及浓度水平,研究了污染特征和来源.结果表明,新垦大气中共检测到17种挥发性羰基化合物,浓度变化范围为7.78′10-9~31.78′10-9,大多数物质地面浓度高于楼顶.其中浓度最高的污染物是丙酮,其次是甲醛和乙醛,三者占总羰基化合物浓度的比例高于70%.大气挥发性羰基化合物的浓度分布呈现出以12月8日为代表的受城区污染物长距离输送影响的变化规律,以及以12月7日和12月9日为代表的受海陆风影响的变化规律.甲醛/乙醛和乙醛/丙醛的特征比值及各成分相关性分析表明它们主要来自城区人为污染源的排放,其组成和含量的变化与污染物长距离输送过程和海陆风影响有密切关系.大气光化学反应生成的二次产物和当地植被排放亦是重要来源.     

Activity maintenance of the excised branches and a case study of NO2 exchange between the atmosphere and P. nigra branches

The efficient maintenance of the activity of excised branches is the powerful guarantee to accurately determine gas exchange flux between the detached branches of tall trees and the atmosphere. In this study, the net photosynthetic rate(NPR) of the excised branches and branches in situ were measured simultaneously by using two photosynthetic instruments to characterize the activity of the excised branches of Phyllostachys nigra. The ratio of normalized NPR of excised branches to NPR in situ was used to assess the photosynthetic activity of detached branches. Based on photosynthetic activity, an optimal hydroponics protocol for maintaining activity of excised P. nigra branches was presented:1/8 times the concentration of Gamborg B5 vitamin mixture with p H = 6. Under the best cultivation protocol, photosynthetic activity of excised P. nigra branches could be maintained more than 90% within 6 hr in the light intensity range of 200–2000 μmol/(m2·sec) and temperature range of 13.4–28.7°C. The nitrogen dioxide(NO2) flux differences between in situ and in vitro branches and the atmosphere were compared using double dynamic chambers.Based on the maintenance method of excised branches, the NO2 exchange flux between the excised P. nigra branches and the atmosphere(from-1.01 to-2.72 nmol/(m2·sec) was basically consistent with between the branches in situ and the atmosphere(from-1.12 to-3.16 nmol/(m2 sec)) within 6 hr. Therefore, this study provided a feasible protocol for in vitro measurement of gas exchange between tall trees and the atmosphere for a period of time.     

The impact of economic complexity on carbon emissions: evidence from France

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper reanalyzes the determinants of the CO2 emissions in France. For this purpose, it considers the unit root test with two structural breaks...     

Biodegradable microplastics (BMPs): a new cause for concern?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the increasingly serious pollution of plastics, biodegradable plastics (BDPs) have attracted attention as a new material that can replace...