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1.
Ani Melkonyan P.h.D Malcolm O. Asadoorian P.h.D. 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(2):393-414
With 21 % of gross domestic product (GDP) in agricultural sector and having consistently experienced natural disasters (e.g., drought, flood), Armenia is very vulnerable to climate and its change. Given the fact that 63 % of the entire land is planted with grains, this study primarily focuses on the market for wheat flour and bread. Economic welfare loss due to drought episodes is calculated using the economic data integrated with climate measures. Economic data are utilized for the period 1995–2011 (obtained from Statistical Office of Armenia) and specifically include the quantity produced and consumed of wheat flour and bread combined with mean prices, population income, GDP in the agricultural sector, GDP in the planting sector, and governmental expenditure on subsidies. Climate data include temperature and precipitation during the period 1966–2011 (obtained from National Hydrometeorological Service of Armenia). The analysis includes three main components. The first utilizes a market framework that analyzes the impact of climate on equilibrium prices and quantities as well as trade and tax effects. The second employs a logarithmic utility function to estimate the effective insurance policy for the agricultural sector using risk management strategies. Lastly, a macroeconomic model has been developed to assess the efficient sum of governmental expenditure on subsidies and irrigation during the drought episodes and during the mean climatic conditions. All three parts of the study are developed for the first time. 相似文献
2.
Sonja Vermeulen Ani Adiwinata Nawir James Mayers 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(1):1-18
At the Earth Summit in Johannesburg in 2002, partnerships were touted as one of the key routes to sustainable development. But can partnerships really deliver improvements to rural livelihoods? This paper reviews one set of claimed partnerships, those between forestry companies and local individuals or communities, to assess the benefits, and the costs, to local livelihoods. Most arrangements between forestry companies and local communities are not equitable enough to be called partnerships, so the term “deal” is preferred. Positive local impacts of company–community deals include sharing of risks, better returns to land than otherwise possible, opportunities for income diversification, access to paid employment, development of new skills, upgrading of local infrastructure and environmental improvement. However, company–community deals have not yet proved sufficient to lift people out of poverty. They remain supplementary rather than central to income generation. Furthermore, while some deals have resulted in greater cohesion and organisation among community groups, there is as yet little evidence of substantial increases in community bargaining power. Ways forward to increase returns to communities (and to their counterpart companies) centre on moving towards more equal partnerships, by raising community bargaining power, fostering the roles of brokers and other third parties, and developing equitable, efficient and accountable governance frameworks. 相似文献
3.
Neboj?a?Begovi?Email author Zoran?Markovi? Slobodan?Ani? Ljiljana?Kolar-Ani? 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(2):65-69
Models for the formation of biogenic iodine in marine aerosols have been proposed in the literature. Here, we analyse the possible species and reactions that could occur in the proposed models. We calculate the enthalpies of formation for the species and the enthalpies of corresponding reactions. We propose a modified model using iodous acid (HOIO) and reactions that are particularly suited to humid conditions.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic 相似文献
4.
Vanessa Ecla de Oliveira Ana Paula Vanin Ani Carla Concato Wagner A. Tamagno Helen Treichel Rosilene R. Kaizer 《环境质量管理》2019,29(1):147-154
This study examined behavioral and enzymatic changes of C. elegans from its exposure to aluminum, and the resulting relationship with Alzheimer's disease. After chronic and acute exposure to aluminum, the results indicated that it alters the cholinergic status and behavior parameters of the nematode, suggesting a relationship between exposure to aluminum and the etiology of AD. 相似文献
5.
M. Aničić M. Tasić M. V. Frontasyeva M. Tomašević S. Rajšić L. P. Strelkova A. Popović E. Steinnes 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(1):55-60
Active biomonitoring of the air quality in Belgrade, Serbia, was performed using the moss Sphagnum
girgensohnii. Moss bags were exposed in parallel with and without irrigation for 3 and 6 months, respectively, at three different sites.
Twenty-nine elements were determined in the exposed moss samples by INAA. For all exposure periods, higher uptake in the irrigated
moss bags was evident for Al, Cr, Fe, Zn and Sr. Elements such as Cl, K, Rb and Cs were depleted in the moss tissue during
the time of exposure. For most of the elements the accumulation after 6 months exceeded that observed after 3 months. 相似文献
6.
Ignatius Ani Madu 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):265-276
The disparity in both population and wealth distribution in Nigeria by geo-political zones is well recognized. There is also
the recognition that some of the environmental problems in certain sections of the country can be attributed to the imbalance
in both population and wealth distribution. Hence the various agitations for environmental resource control in the country.
What is lacking however is the research that shows the magnitude of the linkages between the disparity and the environmental
degradation in regional context. This provides the basis for this research. To achieve the aim of the research, a STIRPAT
model was employed as an analytical tool. The findings show that the southern geopolitical zones are generally more densely
populated and wealthier than the northern zones. The south is also experiencing a higher degree of environmental resource
degradation attributable to anthropogenic factors. Thus, there is congruence between population density, wealth distribution
and environmental degradation in Nigeria. Therefore the achievement of sustainable environment and development in Nigeria
requires deliberate policies to mitigate the impact of population concentration and wealth creation on the environment.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
7.
Olle Ericsson Tarja Ahola Fredrik Dahl Filip Karlsson Fredrik Persson Olof Karlberg Fredrik Roos Ida Alftrén Björn Andersson Emelie Barkenäs Ani Boghos Birgit Brandner Jenny Dahlberg Per-Ola Forsgren Niels Francois Anna Gousseva Faizan Hakamali Åsa Janfalk-Carlsson Henrik Johansson Johanna Lundgren Atefeh Mohsenchian Linus Olausson Simon Olofsson Atif Qureshi Björn Skarpås Peter Svahn Anna Sävneby Eva Åström Anna Sahlberg Aino Fianu-Jonasson Jérémie Gautier Jean-Marc Costa Bo Jacobsson Kypros Nicolaides 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(11):1011-1015
8.
Anicić M Frontasyeva MV Tomasević M Popović A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):207-219
This study aimed at assessing atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and other elements using the moss genera Brachythecium sp. (B. rutabulum and B. salebrosum) and Eurhynchium sp. (E. hians and E. striatum) collected in autumn 2004 in the urban area of Belgrade. The concentrations of 36 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti,
V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Dy, Hf, Ta, W, Hg, Th, U) were determined
in moss and local topsoil samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The concentration of elements in moss positively
correlated to those obtained for topsoil. High enrichment factors for As, Zn, Mo, Br, Sb, Se, Hg and Cl, calculated to continental
crust composition, gave an evidence for anthropogenic impact on urban area, mainly due to intensive vehicular traffic and
fossil fuel combustion. The concentration of elements in moss, characteristic for fossil fuel combustion, obtained in this
study were substantially lower than in the previous investigation (2000) conducted in the area of Belgrade. The level of concentrations
for V, Cr, Ni, and As in moss from this study correlated to those measured for neighboring countries, and were several times
higher than the base-level data from low polluted areas. The level of accumulated elements in both investigated moss genera
were similar and all studied species could be combined for biomonitoring purposes in urban areas. 相似文献
9.
10.
Carla Alves Natlia Piva Zancan Ani Carla Concato Ana Paula Vanin Wagner A. Tamagno Diego Tessaro Rosilene R. Kaizer 《环境质量管理》2019,29(2):121-127
Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly common in humans. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of extracellular plaques containing β‐amyloid peptides and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains. Researchers have focused on the elucidation of a correlation between high concentrations of aluminum or iron (in the organism with observed neuropathology). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aluminum and iron on the behavioral parameters (pharyngeal pumping and defecation cycle) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans pretreated with deferoxamine (DFX). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was evaluated as well. DFX is a chelant that is widely used for the treatment of metal toxicity, and it has a high affinity for aluminum and iron. The worms were pretreated with DFX, and then exposed to aluminum and iron. In the absence of DFX, aluminum exposure decreased pharyngeal pumping compared with that in the control group. The defecation cycle of the control was significantly different from that of the worms exposed to aluminum. In contrast, an increased defecation cycle was observed in worms exposed to iron without DFX pretreatment. AChE activity increased in aluminum‐exposed groups that received DFX pretreatment compared with those that did not receive pretreatment. These results suggest that pretreatment with DFX is effective in reducing metal toxicity, particularly with reference to AChE activity, which did not decrease in groups that did not receive DFX pretreatment. 相似文献