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Julie Harmand Marek Rogalski Michèle Sindt Jean-Luc Mieloszynski 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(3):255-260
The synthesis of new ionic liquids and their potential catalysis activity in the preparation of benzylphenylsulfide are described. 相似文献
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P. Cannavo J. Sansoulet J.-M. Harmand P. Siles E. Dreyer P. Vaast 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,140(1-2):1-13
The shade impact by Inga densiflora on water use and drainage in a coffee agroforestry system (AFS) was compared to coffee monoculture (MC) in Costa Rica. Rainfall interception, transpiration, runoff and soil water content were monitored during 3 years. Runoff was lower in AFS than MC (5.4 and 8.4% of total rainfall, respectively) and a higher water infiltration was observed under AFS. Still, the higher combined rainfall interception + transpiration of coffee and shade trees in AFS resulted in a lower drainage than in MC. No coffee water stress was recorded either in AFS or MC as relative extractable soil water remained above 20% during the dry seasons. Time course of soil water content showed enhanced access to soil water between 100 and 200 cm depth in AFS. This suggests complementarity for soil water between coffee and shade trees. The model HYDRUS 1D predicted that drainage at 200 cm depth accounted for a large fraction of annual rainfall (68% for MC and 62% for AFS). Climatic scenario simulations showed (1) a potential competition for water between coffee and shade trees when the dry season was extended by 4–6 weeks compared to actual, and (2) a severe reduction in annual drainage, but without competition for water when rainfall was reduced down to 40% of the actual. 相似文献
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Ait-Mouheb Nassim Bahri Akiça Thayer Bechir Ben Benyahia Boumediene Bourrié Guilhem Cherki Brahim Condom Nicolas Declercq Rémi Gunes Adem Héran Marc Kitir Nurgul Molle Bruno Patureau Dominique Pollice Alfieri Rapaport Alain Renault Pierre Riahi Khalifa Romagny Bruno Sari Tewfik Sinfort Carole Steyer Jean-Philippe Talozi Samer Topcuoglu Bulent Turan Metin Wéry Nathalie Yıldırım Ertan Harmand Jérôme 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(3):693-705
Regional Environmental Change - Climate change and a growing population around the Mediterranean Rim are increasing the need for water and, consequently, the pressure on resources in terms of both... 相似文献
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Veiko Lehsten Peter Harmand Michael Kleyer 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2009,16(4):561-584
Plant functional response groups (PFGs) are now widely established as a tool to investigate plant—environment relationships.
Different statistical methods to form PFGs are used in the literature. One way is to derive emergent groups by classifying
species based on correlation of biological attributes and subjecting these groups to tests of response to environmental variables.
Another way is to search for associations of occurrence data, environmental variables and trait data simultaneously. The fourth-corner
method is one way to assess the relationships between single traits and habitat factors. We extended this statistical method
to a generally applicable procedure for the generation of plant functional response groups by developing new randomization
procedures for presence/absence data of plant communities. Previous PFG groupings used either predefined groups or emergent
groups i.e. classifications based on correlations of biological attributes (Lavorel et al Trends Ecol Evol 12:474–478, 1997),
of the global species pool and assessed their functional response. However, since not all PFGs might form emergent groups
or may be known by experts, we used a permutation procedure to optimise functional grouping. We tested the method using an
artificial test data set of virtual plants occurring in different disturbance treatments. Direct trait-treatment relationships
as well as more complex associations are incorporated in the test data. Trait combinations responding to environmental variables
could be clearly distinguished from non-responding combinations. The results are compared with the method suggested by Pillar
(J Veg Sci 10:631–640) for the identification of plant functional groups. After exploring the statistical properties using
an artificial data set, the method is applied to experimental data of a greenhouse experiment on the assemblage of plant communities.
Four plant functional response groups are formed with regard to differences in soil fertility on the basis of the traits canopy
height and spacer length. 相似文献
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Density-dependent kinetics models for a simple description of complex phenomena in macroscopic mass-balance modeling of bioreactors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
From experiments originally proposed by Ardity et al. [Arditi, R., Perrin, N., Saïah, H., 1991. Functional responses and heterogeneities: an experimental test with cladocerans. Oikos 60, 69–75] in the field of fundamental ecology, this paper derives conditions under which mass balance ratio-dependent kinetics models are more appropriate (in a sense to be specified in the sequel) than substrate-dependent kinetics models to macroscopically describe bioprocesses with attached biomass. From literature results, it is also suggested that the use of Contois growth functions should be preferred to substrate-dependent kinetics when macroscopically modeling an immobilized-biomass bioreactor. The “robustness” of this result, rather based on a qualitative reasoning, is investigated in simulation and a number of fundamental properties of ratio-dependent models are highlighted. Furthermore, it is shown that ratio-dependent models are well suited to describe macroscopically bioreactors where the diffusion phenomenon is obviously one of the most important limiting factor. 相似文献
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