城市污泥用作无土草坪基质

根据混料设计{3,2}单形格子理论设计,研究了蛭石、污泥堆肥与珍珠岩的不同配比混合基质对碱茅草生长的影响。分别从基质理化性状、碱茅草生长生理指标、草坪综合质量和草坪生产周期等方面分析了各基质的优劣。研究表明:蛭石与堆肥混合基质(T4),珍珠岩与堆肥混合基质(T6),蛭石、珍珠岩和堆肥混合基质(CK1)具有良好的理化性状,其养分充足,容重和pH值适宜,可促进株高增长,提高叶绿素含量。与大田(CK2)相比,T6、CK1游离脯氨酸含量明显较高(PP>0.05)。综合评价草坪草质量以CK1最高,T4次之。通过建立基质配比与碱茅草生产周期的关系模型模拟优化共得5 151套基质配比方案,其中生产周期最短为19 d,包含388套方案,体积分数范围分别为:49%≤x1(蛭石)≤87%,13%≤x2(污泥堆肥)≤31%,0≤x3(珍珠岩)≤29%;因此,将城市污泥堆肥用作无土草坪基质是一种非常经济有效的污泥资源化途径。     

2008年南方低温冰雪灾害对农业的影响及对策

结合参加农业部组织的分省灾害评估调查活动,分析了2008年南方低温冰雪灾害的成因,指出是一系列天文、地球物理和大气环流异常因素构成的复杂灾害链所诱发。论述了低温冰雪灾害对南方农业生产的影响,总结了抗灾和补救的对策与措施。反思灾害中的经验教训,提出应健全预警机制和建立救灾物资储备,加强减灾和应急救援的技术储备,积极探索适合国情的农业灾害保险制度,通过提高公众素质和健全法制实现调动全社会的力量减灾。     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

钙镁磷肥对土壤中镉形态转化与水稻吸镉的影响

酸性镉污染水田施用不同用量的钙镁磷肥的田间试验表明:土壤中交换态镉的分配系数随钙镁磷肥用量的增加而降低,呈显著负相关(r,-0.9314);碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态镉的分配系数则呈显著正相关(r,0,9395)。而土壤中有效态镉含量与钙镁磷肥用量则呈显著负相关(r,-0.8853)。镉污染水田一次性投加高量钙镁磷肥后,可使土壤pH显著升高,交换态镉分配系数明显下降,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态镉分配系数明显升高,导致土壤中有效态镉含量大幅度下降,从而大大减少水稻植株的吸镉量。     

我国部分河流重金属水-固分配系数及在河流质量基准研究中的应用

计算了我国部分河流天然物理化学条件下重金属在水相－颗粒物相间的分配系数,长江水系重金属水－固分配系数大于黄河反映了颗粒物度组成的差异,而长江口重金属－固分配系数大于长江武汉段则反映了离子强度的影响,在此基础上,运用平衡分配法根据实测天然分配系数尝试了长江,黄河沉积物某重金属的质量基准。     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu,China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

Large-scale utilization of desulfurization ash and fly ash for unfired production of high-strength road-base stones

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This paper utilizes desulfurization ash (DA), fly ash (FA) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to prepare unfired high-strength road-base stones by...     

陕西延安地区1992—2000年干旱趋势灰色预测

本文存分析延安地区干旱特征的基础上,采用地地区40a的资料,运用灰色理论的预测方法,预测了1992～2000年间干旱发生的季节及强度,预计该时该区的旱情将持续出现,故提出必须立足抗旱,以保农业生产的稳步发展。     

唐山市空气中SO2与TSP污染状况分析

分析了唐山市从1988年至1992年大气中SO2和TSP的污染状况和变化规律，取得对该市环境管理的科学依据。     

基于非线性能量阱的悬吊摆对输电塔-振动控制的研究

针对输电塔结构在地震作用下动力响应过大的问题,提出一种基于非线性能量阱的悬吊摆以降低输电塔的动力响应。首先利用拉格朗日方程推导了这种悬吊摆的运动方程,再以一单自由度结构为例,建立了摆式非线性能量阱—结构的动力方程,计算了摆式非线性能量阱在正弦激励下的减振效果,并对正弦激励周期、悬吊摆周期、立方刚度、质量比等参数对减振效果的影响进行了分析。最后选取一柔性输电塔为例,研究了不同地震作用下摆式非线性能量阱的减振效果,并与传统的悬吊质量摆和线性弹簧摆进行对比。结果表明,在地震作用下,摆式非线性能量阱对输电塔动力响应的峰值和均值都有较好的减振效果。