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The popular microblogging service, Twitter, contains a variety of potential orientations—interpersonal, broadcast, news, advertising, public service, political, and so on—in its operation and applications. As an evolving social media platform, specificity and context are essential in understanding its significance and use-value. This paper investigates the multiple modalities of Twitter in the context of formal politics and, in particular, the Greens party in Australia. Presenting original evidence drawn from the Greens Members of Parliament and their advisers, it is shown how Twitter is mobilized in response to particular news agendas and stories, unfolding political events and processes, and an ongoing need for the Greens to speak simultaneously to committed environmentalists and the broader electorate. These uses reveal that Twitter is an important addition to the “media ecology mix” in the conduct of environmental politics, playing a direct role in political communication, strategies, and actions. 相似文献
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William S. Fisher Leska S. Fore Leah M. Oliver Charles Lobue Robert Quarles Jed Campbell Peggy Harris Becky Hemmer Sherry Vickery Mel Parsons Aaron Hutchins Kent Bernier Danny Rodriguez Patricia Bradley 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7165-7181
States may protect coral reefs using biological water quality standards outlined by the Clean Water Act. This requires biological assessments with indicators sensitive to human disturbance and regional, probability-based survey designs. Stony coral condition was characterized on a regional scale for the first time in the nearshore waters of the US Virgin Islands (USVI). Coral composition, abundance, size, and health were assessed at 66 stations in the St. Croix region in fall 2007 and at 63 stations in the St. Thomas and St. John region in winter 2009. Indicators were chosen for their sensitivity to human disturbance. Both surveys were probability-based (random) designs with station locations preselected from areas covered by hardbottom and coral reef substrate. Taxa richness was as high as 21 species but more than half the area of both regions exhibited taxa richness of <10 species in the 25 m2 transect area. Coral density was as high as 5 colonies m?2 but more than half the area of both regions had <2 colonies m?2. Both regions showed similar dominant species based on frequency of occurrence and relative abundance. Because of large colony sizes, Montastrea annularis provided more total surface area and live surface area than more abundant species. The surveys establish baseline regional conditions and provide a foundation for long-term regional monitoring envisioned by the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources. The probabilistic sampling design assures the data can be used in Clean Water Act reporting. 相似文献
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Michael G. Hutchins Amelie Deflandre-Vlandas Paulette E. Posen Helen N. Davies Colin Neal 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(2):93-109
A combined semi-distributed hydrological model (CASCADE/QUESTOR) is used to evaluate the steady-state that may be achieved
after changes in land-use or management and to explore what additional factors need to be considered in representing catchment
processes. Two rural headwater catchments of the River Derwent (North Yorkshire, UK) were studied where significant change
in land-use occurred in the 1990s and the early 2000s. Much larger increases in mean nitrate concentration (55%) were observed
in the catchment with significant groundwater influence (Pickering Beck) compared with the surface water-dominated catchment
(13% increase). The increases in Pickering Beck were considerably greater than could be explained by the model in terms of
land-use change. Consequently, the study serves to focus attention on the long-term increases in nitrate concentration reported
in major UK aquifers and the ongoing and chronic impact this trend is likely to be having on surface water concentrations.
For river environments, where groundwater is a source, such trends will mask the impact of measures proposed to reduce the
risk of nitrate leaching from agricultural land. Model estimates of within-channel losses account for 15–40% of nitrate entering
rivers. 相似文献
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Clemens Gros Evan Easton-Calabria Meghan Bailey Kadirbyek Dagys Erin Coughlan de Perez Munguntuya Sharavnyambuu Andrew Kruczkiewicz 《Disasters》2022,46(1):95-118
This paper presents evidence relating to a forecast-based cash and non-food item distribution among vulnerable herder households during the 2017–18 dzud (extreme winter) season in Mongolia, and analyses the results of a quasi-experimental study evaluating its impacts. An innovative approach in disaster risk reduction, forecast-based financing (FbF) can have short- and long-term benefits to vulnerable households but remains understudied. The paper contributes information on a multimodal FbF programme offering one-off cash grants and in-kind veterinary kits. The data found significant effects of reduced mortality and increased offspring survival in some types of livestock, and that the timing of FbF assistance is crucial, as reported early assistance correlated to positive outcomes in terms of reduced animal mortality. These findings can be used to design more effective FbF interventions, to understand better the appropriateness of FbF designs, and to use early warnings and early actions to help people prepare and withstand disasters such as dzuds. 相似文献
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David L. Clark J. Andrew Roberts Meghan Rector George W. Uetz 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(6):1237-1247
Animal color patterns often reflect a compromise between natural selection for crypsis or inconspicuousness to predators and
sexual selection for conspicuousness to potential mates. In leaf litter-dwelling wolf spider species like Schizocosa ocreata, body coloration often closely matches the background coloration of a generally brown environment. However, body parts used
in communication should exhibit high contrast against background coloration. We used spectral analysis to examine male and
female S. ocreata for matching and contrasting coloration against leaf litter. Values were plotted in multivariate color space, based on reflectivity
in different frequency ranges. When viewed from above, colors of both males and females overlap with values for dead brown
leaf litter and soil, suggesting cryptic coloration when viewed by potential predators. However, when viewed from a lateral
perspective, both males and females show color values that are polar opposites of litter backgrounds, suggesting higher contrast
when viewed by other spiders. Moreover, male secondary characters used in visual signaling by S. ocreata (tibia brushes) show the highest level of background contrast. These findings suggest that S. ocreata wolf spiders have color patterns that provide both crypsis and background contrast at the same time, depending on receiver
viewing perspective. 相似文献
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Jennifer Kidd Elizabeth Patberg Meghan McGath Berrin Monteleone Martin Chavez 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(9):1251-1254
A 26 year old nulligravida presented at 24 weeks gestation for the second opinion of abnormal fetal profile and mid-face views on ultrasound at another institution. A detailed fetal anatomic ultrasound at our facility revealed the absence of fetal lens and globes bilaterally consistent with bilateral anophthalmia (HP: 0000528) without other anomalies. Karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis were completed from amniocentesis sample. After these results, duo exome testing with paternal sequencing was completed from proband amniotic fluid sample and parental blood samples. A pathogenic variant in SOX2 (NM_003106.3: c.513C>G p.(Tyr171*Ter)) with heterozygous autosomal dominant inheritance resulted. On duo exome testing with paternal segregation analysis, the variant was found to be consistent with likely sporadic de novo inheritance. The SOX2 variant reported is consistent with the fetal phenotype in this case. While germline mosaicism could exist, this identified variant provided the family with a likely explanation for this proband's finding. This ultrasound and genetic testing allowed the family to make decisions related to planning in current and future pregnancies. 相似文献
9.
Meghan Ellis Thomas Gunton Murray Rutherford 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(6):1268-1277
Sustainable environmental management is contingent on having an effective environmental planning system. A new methodology for designing and evaluating environmental planning systems is described and applied to a case study evaluation of the Canadian environmental planning process. The methodology is based on eight international best practice principles for environmental planning and 45 indicators. The research illustrates the benefits of the evaluation methodology in identifying how to improve environmental planning systems to achieve desired results. The methodology is applicable to a wide variety of jurisdictions. 相似文献
10.
Radioactive waste disposal and nuclear testing concentrated in high latitudes in the northern hemisphere have resulted in the accumulation of radionuclides in Arctic marine ecosystems, but little is known of the consequences for marine biota in these waters. Under controlled laboratory conditions in May through September 1994, we examined the bioaccumulation in sea stars, Asterias forbesi (Desor), or the radionuclides 241Am, 57Co and 137Cs, all of which are important components of disposed radioactive wastes. Experiments at 2 and 12°C determined the relative importance of food (the bivalve, Macoma balthica) and water as sources of radionuclides and assessed the influence of temperature on radionuclide influx and efflux rates. The lower temperature greatly increased the retention of radionuclides ingested with food; for instance, the biological half-life (tb
1/2) of 241Am in the sea stars was 31 d at 12°C, but was virtually infinite at 2°C. Retention of ingested 57Co was also increased at 2°C (tb
1/2=41 d). 137Cs was not accumulated from food. Low temperature significantly reduced net influx rates of 137Cs from water, but did not affect net uptake of 241Am or 57Co. Temperature had little effect on the retention of all three isotopes obtained from the dissolved phase. These experiments suggest that extrapolation of results of previous radioecological studies, conducted at warmer temperatures, to polar or temperate winter environments may be problematic, and that nuclear waste isotopes obtained through trophic transfer may be retained far more efficiently in high latitude marine biota than by fauna from warmer ecosystems. 相似文献