An empirical perspective for understanding climate change impacts in Switzerland

Regional Environmental Change - Planning for the future requires a detailed understanding of how climate change affects a wide range of systems at spatial scales that are relevant to humans....     

色谱自动进样瓶可溶出砷对样品砷形态测定的影响

选用几种常用玻璃色谱自动进样瓶(简称色谱瓶),包括硼硅玻璃、一级水解级玻璃和高白料玻璃色谱瓶,以及聚丙烯材质的色谱瓶,1%HNO3对色谱瓶浸提后用ICP-MS和HPLC-ICP-MS测定浸提液中砷的总量和形态,并研究了10%HNO3对色谱瓶的清洗效果;此外还探讨了温度及时间对玻璃色谱瓶中砷释放的影响.结果表明,玻璃色谱瓶中砷普遍存在,其中硼硅玻璃色谱瓶浸提液中砷浓度低于1μg·L-1,用10%HNO3酸泡24 h能够全部清除;而一级水解级玻璃和高白料玻璃色谱瓶浸提液中砷的浓度则高达45.67μg·L-1和70.25μg·L-1,酸泡24 h后也有较高的残留量,浓度分别为1.63μg·L-1和0.94μg·L-1.高温能促进玻璃色谱瓶中砷的释放;玻璃色谱瓶中砷的释放量随时间的延长而增加,但短时间内即达到平衡.形态分析结果表明,玻璃色谱瓶浸提液中砷形态为As(Ⅴ),没有检测到As(Ⅲ)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)和甲基砷酸(MMA).同时,聚丙烯色谱瓶浸提液中砷总量低于检测限,因而在进行砷形态测定时,建议使用聚丙烯色谱瓶或者经10%HNO3清洗后的硼硅玻璃色谱瓶,以避免玻璃色谱瓶中As(Ⅴ)的污染.     

Heavy metals and organochlorinated compounds in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from the Adour estuary and associated wetlands (France)

Heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in the Adour estuary (South West France) and associated wetlands using the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) as a bioindicator. Heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, and Ag) were measured in soft tissue of yellow eels. Mercury (total Hg and MeHg) and organochlorinated compounds (7 PCBs, 11 OCPs) were analysed in muscle. Concentrations in muscle were in agreement with moderately contaminated environments in Europe and were below the norms fixed for eel consumption for heavy metals and OCPs. Analyses of liver showed a higher pressure of Ag and Zn in the downstream estuary than in the freshwater sites whereas Cd was lower in the estuary probably because of the salinity influence. According to quality classes 100% of eels from freshwater sites indicated clean or slightly polluted environments. However, total mercury concentrations were close to the thresholds fixed by the European Community in the downstream estuary, whereas the sum of PCBs was found to be greatly above the fixed value. 100% of the individuals from the estuary were classified in quality classes corresponding to polluted or highly polluted sites. These first results highlight the need of further investigations focused on mercury and PCBs in this area taking the seasonal temperature influence into account for a better understanding of the pollution distribution and the possible threat on the eel population from the Adour basin.     

250-year records of mercury and trace element deposition in two lakes from Cajas National Park,SW Ecuadorian Andes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Historical records of trace elements in lake sediments provide source-to-sink information about potentially toxic pollutants across space and time. We...