排序方式: 共有20条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Sven Rannow Nicholas A. Macgregor Juliane Albrecht Humphrey Q. P. Crick Michael Förster Stefan Heiland Georg Janauer Mike D. Morecroft Marco Neubert Anca Sarbu Jadwiga Sienkiewicz 《Environmental management》2014,54(4):732-743
The implementation of adaptation actions in local conservation management is a new and complex task with multiple facets, influenced by factors differing from site to site. A transdisciplinary perspective is therefore required to identify and implement effective solutions. To address this, the International Conference on Managing Protected Areas under Climate Change brought together international scientists, conservation managers, and decision-makers to discuss current experiences with local adaptation of conservation management. This paper summarizes the main issues for implementing adaptation that emerged from the conference. These include a series of conclusions and recommendations on monitoring, sensitivity assessment, current and future management practices, and legal and policy aspects. A range of spatial and temporal scales must be considered in the implementation of climate-adapted management. The adaptation process must be area-specific and consider the ecosystem and the social and economic conditions within and beyond protected area boundaries. However, a strategic overview is also needed: management at each site should be informed by conservation priorities and likely impacts of climate change at regional or even wider scales. Acting across these levels will be a long and continuous process, requiring coordination with actors outside the “traditional” conservation sector. To achieve this, a range of research, communication, and policy/legal actions is required. We identify a series of important actions that need to be taken at different scales to enable managers of protected sites to adapt successfully to a changing climate. 相似文献
4.
5.
Tin Klanjscek Roger M Nisbet Hal Caswell Michael G Neubert 《Ecological applications》2007,17(8):2233-2250
We present a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model for marine mammals, coupled with a pharmacokinetic model of a lipophilic persistent toxicant. Inputs to the model are energy availability and lipid-normalized toxicant concentration in the environment. The model predicts individual growth, reproduction, bioaccumulation, and transfer of energy and toxicant from mothers to their young. We estimated all model parameters for the right whale; with these parameters, reduction in energy availability increases the age at first parturition, increases intervals between reproductive events, reduces the organisms' ability to buffer seasonal fluctuations, and increases its susceptibility to temporal shifts in the seasonal peak of energy availability. Reduction in energy intake increases bioaccumulation and the amount of toxicant transferred from mother to each offspring. With high energy availability, the toxicant load of offspring decreases with birth order. Contrary to expectations, this ordering may be reversed with lower energy availability. Although demonstrated with parameters for the right whale, these relationships between energy intake and energetics and pharmacokinetics of organisms are likely to be much more general. Results specific to right whales include energy assimilation estimates for the North Atlantic and southern right whale, influences of history of energy availability on reproduction, and a relationship between ages at first parturition and calving intervals. Our model provides a platform for further analyses of both individual and population responses of marine mammals to pollution, and to changes in energy availability, including those likely to arise through climate change. 相似文献
6.
Masami Fujiwara Kurt E. Anderson Michael G. Neubert Hal Caswell 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2006,13(2):183-197
We present a new method for estimating a distribution of dispersal displacements (a dispersal kernel) from mark-recapture
data. One conventional method of calculating the dispersal kernel assumes that the distribution of displacements are Gaussian
(e.g. resulting from a diffusion process) and that individuals remain within sampled areas. The first assumption prohibits
an analysis of dispersal data that do not exhibit the Gaussian distribution (a common situation); the second assumption leads
to underestimation of dispersal distance because individuals that disperse outside of sampling areas are never recaptured.
Our method eliminates these two assumptions. In addition, the method can also accommodate mortality during a sampling period.
This new method uses integrodifference equations to express the probability of spatial mark-recapture data; associated dispersal,
survival, and recapture parameters are then estimated using a maximum likelihood method. We examined the accuracy of the estimators
by applying the method to simulated data sets. Our method suggests designs for future mark-recapture experiments.
Received: January 2004 / Revised: July 2005 相似文献
7.
Andrea Gori Sergio Rossi Cristina Linares Elisa Berganzo Covadonga Orejas Mark RT Dale Josep-Maria Gili 《Marine Biology》2011,158(8):1721-1732
In the Western Mediterranean Sea, the gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1794) is found at high densities on sublittoral bottoms at depths from 10 to 70 m. Shallow colonies have symbiotic
zooxanthellae that deeper colonies lack. While knowledge of the ecology of the shallow populations has increased during the
last decades, there is almost no information on the ecology of the deep sublittoral populations. In October and November 2004
at Cap de Creus (42°19′12″ N; 03°19′34″ E), an analysis of video transects made by a remotely operated vehicle showed that
shallow populations (10–25 m depth) were dominated by small, non-reproductive colonies, while deep sublittoral populations
(50–67 m depth) were dominated by medium-sized colonies. Average and maximum colony heights were greater in the deeper populations,
with these deeper populations also forming larger patch sizes and more extensive regions of continuous substrate coverage.
These results suggest that shallow habitats are suitable for E. singularis, as shown by the high recruitment rate, but perturbations may limit or delay the development of these populations into a
mature stage. This contrasts with the deep sublittoral habitats where higher environmental stability may allow the development
of mature populations dominated by larger, sexually mature colonies. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
H. Kangro F. L. Boschke G. Feichtinger H. Primas W. Kundt H. Reeh G. Lehner G. v. Minnigerode S. Steeb G. Habermehl R. Hoppe H. Kessler L. Horner M. Kuhnert-Brandstätter L. Jaenicke D. Neubert K. Mothes H. Rembold R. Dietz P. Karlson V. Ziswiler E. P. Martin A. Ruthmann V. Neuhoff R. D. Bauer H. Sioli 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1972,59(3):127-132