BiOBr分子印迹材料的制备及其降解诺氟沙星性能

为了有效处理低浓度抗生素残留废水,以水热法制备的BiOBr为载体,诺氟沙星（NOR）为模板,通过表面分子印迹法制备了BiOBr分子印迹材料（MIP）.同时,采用SEM与XRD对制备的材料进行相分析及显微结构分析,并利用XPS、FTIR、BET和UV-Vis DRS对所合成材料的微观结构进行观察.最后,以诺氟沙星（NOR）为目标污染物,对MIP在暗反应下的吸附性能及300 W Xe灯照射下的光催化性能进行测定,并探讨pH、投加量、初始浓度、是否印迹处理对NOR去除的影响.实验结果表明,在pH为中性,MIP投加量为2.5 g·L^-1的条件下,MIP对5 mg·L^-1 NOR溶液的去除率达到96.2%,且对低浓度（1 mg·L^-1）NOR溶液的去除率达到99%.综合表明,本文所制备的MIP适用于低浓度诺氟沙星废水的处理.     

Acceleration of floc-water separation and floc reduction with magnetic nanoparticles during demulsification of complex waste cutting emulsions

Waste cutting emulsions are difficult to treat efficiently owing to their complex composition and stable emulsified structure. As an important treatment method for emulsions, chemical demulsification is faced with challenges such as low flocs–water separation rates and high sludge production. Hence, in this study, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used to enhance chemical demulsification performance for treating waste cutting emulsions under a magnetic field. The addition of MNPs significantly decreased the time required to attain sludge–water separation and sludge compression equilibrium, from 210 to 20 min. In addition, the volume percentage of sludge produced at the equilibrium state was reduced from 45% to 10%. This excellent flocculation–separation performance was stable over a pH range of 3–11. The magnetization of the flocculants and oil droplets to form a flocculant–MNP–oil droplet composite, and the magnetic transfer of the composite were two key processes that enhanced the separation of cutting emulsions. Specifically, the interactions among MNPs, flocculants, and oil droplets were important in the magnetization process, which was controlled by the structures and properties of the three components. Under the magnetic field, the magnetized flocculant–MNP–oil droplet composites were considerably accelerated and separated from water, and the sludge was simultaneously compressed. Thus, this study expands the applicability of magnetic separation techniques in the treatment of complex waste cutting emulsions.     

Regulated emission characteristics of in-use LNG and diesel semi-trailer towing vehicles under real driving conditions using PEMS

On-road driving emissions of six liquefied natural gas(LNG) and diesel semi-trailer towing vehicles(STTVs) which met China Emission Standard IV and V were tested using Portable Emission Measurement System(PEMS) in northern China.Emission characteristics of these vehicles under real driving conditions were analyzed and proved that on-road emissions of heavy-duty vehicles(HDVs) were underestimated in the past.There were large differences among LNG and diesel vehicles, which also existed between China V vehicles and China IV vehicles.Emission factors showed the highest level under real driving conditions, which probably be caused by frequent acceleration, deceleration, and start-stop.NOx emission factors ranged from 2.855 to 20.939 g/km based on distance-traveled and 6.719–90.557 g/kg based on fuel consumption during whole tests, which were much higher than previous researches on chassis dynamometer.It was inferred from tests that the fuel consumption rate of the test vehicles had a strong correlation with NOx emission, and the exhaust temperature also affected the efficiency of Selected Catalytic Reduction(SCR) aftertreatment system, thus changing the NOx emission greatly.THC emission factors of LNG vehicles were 2.012–10.636 g/km, which were much higher than that of diesel vehicles(0.029–0.185 g/km).Unburned CH_4 may be an important reason for this phenomenon.Further on-road emission tests, especially CH_4 emission test should be carried out in subsequent research.In addition, the Particulate Number(PN) emission factors of diesel vehicles were at a very high level during whole tests, and Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF)should be installed to reduce PN emission.     

基于地形位置指数的赤水河流域植被时空变化研究

地形因子和植被覆盖是区域灾害评价的关键指标,也是山区型村镇建设生态安全评估的重要内容.为探析山区型村镇建设的生态约束条件,以赤水河流域为研究对象,基于1998—2018年SPOT_VGT NDVI数据,利用地形位置指数（Topographic Position Index,TPI）和坡度位置指数方法,研究了赤水河流域植被生长季NDVI时空变化及地形分异特征.结果表明:①赤水河流域内,1998—2018年植被生长季平均NDVI呈缓慢上升趋势,斜率为0.004 7;NDVI>0.60的集中连片区域主要分布在古蔺县北部、赤水市大部和习水县西北部,占赤水河流域总面积的8.42%;Sen's slope在0.009~0.015区间时,赤水河流域植被生长增强趋势最明显,主要集中分布在赤水河中上游、二道河以及下游的大同河干流地区.②TPI在-39.4~34.3区间的面积最多,为6 221.63 km2,占赤水河流域总面积的34.05%;将赤水河流域坡度类型划分为山脊、上坡、中坡、平坡、下坡、山谷6个坡度位置类型,其中,中坡面积（7 792.02 km2）最大,占流域总面积的42.64%,表明TPI数值较小且坡度大于5°的区域是赤水河流域地形主体.③赤水河流域植被在山脊的平均NDVI最高,为0.747,且山脊平均Sen's slope最高,为0.007 2;山谷平均NDVI最低,为0.709.研究显示,赤水河流域植被分布在118.5~486.9的TPI区间或分布在山脊处时整体生长较好,且生长增强趋势最明显.      

一次区域性强沙尘暴天气过程成因分析

本文以实况资料为基础，对2005年中发生在我国内蒙古的一次强沙尘暴天气过程进行风场和温度场等的诊断分析，结果显示：（1）本次沙尘暴天气过程属于西北路径强冷空气入侵造成的。有利的气候背景是本次沙尘暴发生的基础。（2）大气斜压性强，动量下传作用是沙尘暴的天气诱因。200hPa高空急流的加强，850hPa强锋区和冷槽发生发展是沙尘暴的主要原因。在此基础上，得出沙尘暴的预报着眼点。     

黄土风化成土过程中主要元素迁移序列

主要研究了渭南黄土剖面中主要化学组分的分布特征、影响因素以及它们在风化成土过程中的迁移富集规律。结果表明：（1）在剖面中随着黄土与古土壤层的交替叠复，各组分含量由低-高或由高-低呈周期性变化。（2）碳酸盐含量的剧烈变化是影响黄土元素分布特征极为重要的因素，古土壤中一些组分的含量增高，主要是碳酸盐被强烈淋滤造成的相对富集。（3）在黄土风化成土过程中，CaCQ3、SiQ2、FeO、MgO、K2O、Na2O等本身的地球化学行为以迁移为主，而Al2O3、Fe2O3、TiO2等均以淀积为主。它们在黄土中的迁移能力有如下顺序：CaCO3＞FeO＞MgO＞Na2O＞K2O＞SiO2＞Al2O3＞TiO2＞Fe2O3。（4）除碳酸盐外，黄土风化成土过程中铁的变化比其它组分都明显，表现为价态以及形态的转化。铁的转化主要为就地完成．本身没有发生明显迁移。     

市场经济体制下的企业环境行为及调控

市场经济体制和现代企业制度也逐步建立，企业将表现出三类不同的环境行为，为矫正，引导企业的环境行为，必须建立有效的经济调控手段和强有力的法制保障手段。     

海37引信回转体座冷挤压工艺

回转体座是海37引信中的关键件,要求有一定的机械强度、耐磨性.研制期间,曾用压铸铝合金,由于铝合金压铸内部存在着气孔,表面粗糙.不能满足其机械性能的要求.针对这一现象,研制了回转体座冷挤压成形工艺,零件表面质量好,成本低,满足了产品的机械性能要求.     

以科学发展观为指导将环境优美乡镇创建活动推向新高潮

国家环境保护总局2005年3月25日在人民大会堂举行了2004年度全国环境优美乡镇授牌仪式，张力军副局长代表国家环保总局向获得“全国环境优美乡镇”和“创建全国环境优美乡镇优秀领导和优秀组织者”荣誉称号的单位及个人表示热烈的祝贺，并在会上发表重要讲话。     

小型硫磺回收装置的设计与试运

介绍寒冷地区小型硫磺回收的设计特点，包括选用一、二、三级冷凝器同壳、低噪音鼓风机；试生产中的改进经验，包括过程气用蒸汽夹套保温，带有硫封的被硫储罐．