我国中小城市大气污染总量控制研究

本文提出了一套适合于我国中小城市大气污染总量控制研究的技术路线和模型。通过环境容量规划和污染综合治理规划的有机结合，从而达到以优化的方式协调经济发展与环境保护的矛盾。对镇江市的应用结果表明，本文提出的技术路线和模型是合理可行的。所给出的总量控制方案既能符合经济发展的需要，又能经济有效地控制并改善区域的大气环境质量。     

珠江口浮游藻类生态及与关键水质因子分析

从宏观上和特殊性两方面对其进行浮游藻类生态发生与关键水质因子 (盐度、DO、PO4 P、NO3 N)关联的研究与总结。得出二者间确有关联 ,在 12个测点站位中 ,C12 站位具有水域特殊性 ,即在C12 测点具有溶解氧超饱和现象 ,溶氧饱和率为 115 % ,中肋骨条藻高达 8.6 9× 10 5L 1,个体百分组成高达 87.4 % ,藻类优势度为92 .3% ,该测点水域处于赤潮状态 ,并导致C12 测点活性磷浓度为最低测值。由于硝酸盐含量很高 ,藻类生长和硝酸盐的特殊对应关系不明显。相关分析显示 ,在整个水域盐度与藻类生长为正相关 ,藻类丰度与最高溶氧也为正相关 ,藻类生长与活性磷和硝酸盐之间乃为负相关     

基于网格空间数据的晋陕蒙接壤区生态环境综合评价

晋陕蒙接壤区是典型的生态过渡带、生态脆弱带。文章在调查研究的基础上 ,选取了 1 3个评价指标 ,应用层次分析法确定其权重 ,并将各个因子分级标准化和定量赋值 ,再用加权求和法得到每个评价单元的环境质量综合评价指数。根据环境综合评价指数将环境质量分为较好 (≥ 8)、一般 (≥ 6～ <8)、较差 (≥ 4～ <6)、恶劣 (<4) 4级。结果表明 :晋陕蒙接壤区的环境质量大多处于较差等级 ,较好、一般、较差、恶劣等级的面积比例分别为 2 .2 % ,2 8% ,5 7.4%和1 2 .4%     

板厚对冲裁力影响规律的研究

理论分析和生产实践表明 ,在一定范围内 ,间隙对冲裁力的影响是很小的 ,而板材相对厚度是影响单位厚度上冲裁力的主要因素。当材料性能等其它条件一定时 ,冲裁力随着板厚的增大而增大 ,但单位板厚上的冲裁力则随着板厚的增加而减小。在有限元模拟和实验分析的基础上 ,提出了计算冲裁力的新方法 ,对揭示剪切加工机理及正确确定冲裁力有理论和实际意义。     

金华生态建筑的设计

金华生态建筑是自身良性循环的绿色建筑物,有3个特点,即屋顶覆土种植或养殖或设太阳能装置,地下设有以净化生活污水为主要目的沼气净化池,墙体垂直绿化,这三者缺不一可,但可单项利用,它有节土,节水,节能和经济,环境,社会产益协调统一这两大优点。     

光塑性在连续挤压成形研究中的若干关键技术

分析了光塑性和连续挤压技术的特点,总结了光塑性在连续挤压成形研究中的若干关键技术,重点研究了连续挤压过程的光塑性实验建模、光塑性材料的选取、试样制取过程中存在的问题,为今后本领域工作的开展指出可能涉及到的问题.     

砂光粉尘危害及防护

论述了人造板企业中的砂光粉尘的产生、理化性质、易燃易爆特性和危害 ,提出了应采取的防护措施     

An Estimate of Biogenic Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds during Summertime in China (7 pp)

Background and Aim An accurate estimation of biogenic emissions of VOC (volatile organic compounds) is necessary for better understanding a series of current environmental problems such as summertime smong and global climate change. However, very limited studies have been reported on such emissions in China. The aim of this paper is to present an estimate of biogenic VOC emissions during summertime in China, and discuss its uncertainties and potential areas for further investigations. Materials and Methods This study was mainly based on field data and related research available so far in China and abroad, including distributions of land use and vegetations, biomass densities and emission potentials. VOC were grouped into isoprene, monoterpenes and other VOC (OVOC). Emission potentials of forests were determined for 22 genera or species, and then assigned to 33 forest ecosystems. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis database was used as standard environmental conditions. A typical summertime of July 1999 was chosen for detailed calculations. Results and Discussion The biogenic VOC emissions in China in July were estimated to be 2.3×10¹²gC, with 42% as isoprene, 19% as monoterpenes and 39% as OVOC. About 77.3% of the emissions are generated-from forests and woodlands. The averaged emission intensity was 4.11 mgC m⁻² hr⁻¹ for forests and 1.12 mgC m⁻² hr⁻¹ for all types of vegetations in China during the summertime. The uncertainty in the results arose from both the data and the assumptions used in the extrapolations. Generally, uncertainty in the field measurements is relatively small. A large part of the uncertainty mainly comes from the taxonomic method to assign emission potentials to unmeasured species, while the ARGR method serves to estimate leaf biomass and the emission algorithms to describe light and temperature dependence. Conclusions This study describes a picture of the biogenic VOC emissions during summertime in China. Due to the uneven spatial and temporal distributions, biogenic VOC emissions may play an important role in the tropospheric chemistry during summertime. Recommendations and Perspectives Further investigations are needed to reduce uncertainties involved in the related factors such as emission potentials, leaf biomass, species distribution as well as the mechanisms of the emission activities. Besides ground measurements, attention should also be placed on other techniques such as remotesensing and dynamic modeling. These new approaches, combined with ground measurements as basic database for calibration and evaluation, can hopefully provide more comprehensive information in the research of this field. Submission Editor: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Lammel (lammel@recetox.muni.cz)     

喷雾脱硫过程中喷雾特性对脱硫效率影响的数值研究

本文通过数值模拟研究了喷雾脱硫过程中喷雾特性对脱硫效率的影响，重点考察了液滴初始粒径、液滴初始速度和喷雾方式。研究表明雾滴初始粒径是一个重要的影响因素，最佳液滴初始粒径位于60－70um的范围内，垂直喷射得到的脱硫效果略好于顺向喷射，液滴初始速度的大小对脱硫效率影响不大。     

长江中游地区多尺度耕地景观格局演变特征

揭示区域耕地景观格局多尺度演变特征有助于从区域层面全面解读耕地利用状况,可为区域耕地保护和生态环境建设提供重要参考。采用景观格局指数分析方法和数理统计手段,选取10个景观指数,从城市群、省域、流域3个不同空间尺度分析了长江中游1995~2014年耕地景观格局变化特征。结果表明：（1）1995~2014年间,长江中游耕地总面积以平均每年30821 km2的降速大量减少。其中,湖北、湖南、江西3省年均降速分别为18512、7026、5276 km2/a,武汉城市圈、长株潭城市群、环鄱阳湖城市群三大城市群年均降速分别为18003、4819、5616 km2/a。（2）不同省份耕地景观变化的方向和程度存在较大差异。湖南省耕地连通性先增后减,景观的破碎度先减后增,而湖北省和江西省耕地景观的连通性和破碎度变化趋势则与湖南省恰好相反,且变化强度明显弱于湖南省。（3）不同城市圈（群）耕地景观变化的方向和程度差异明显,作为工业化快速发展地区,长株潭城市群耕地景观变化的剧烈程度明显高于长江中游经济带内的其他两大城市圈（群）。（4）不同尺度耕地景观格局在数量、面积、聚集度、多样性方面差异较大。而城市圈（群）作为省内重点发展区域,其耕地景观格局及其变化与其所处省份大致相同