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1.
Nemanic TM Leskovsek H Horvat M Vriser B Bolje A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2002,4(3):426-430
In the year 2000, organotin pollution was investigated in the Bay of Piran, Slovenia, at the northern extremity of the Adriatic Sea. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with single ion monitoring GC/MS-SIM was applied for speciation analysis of pentylated organotin compounds in water and mussels. Sampling of marine waters was performed in summer and autumn at 8 locations. Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were collected only in summer at 3 locations. The highest concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) in marine water ranged from 500 to 630 ng L(-1) (as Sn) in summer and from 180 to 230 ng L(-1) (as Sn) in autumn. TBT concentration in mussels varied from 500 to 3500 ng g(-1) dry weight (d.w.) (as Sn). The study indicated remarkable butyltin pollution of the Slovenian coastline. Accuracy of the analytical procedure was verified by BCR CRM 477. 相似文献
2.
Effects of heavy metals and nitroaromatic compounds on horseradish glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POX) activities have a direct relation to the effect of stress on plant metabolism. Changes in the activities of the enzymes were therefore studied. Horseradish hairy roots were treated by selected bivalent ions of heavy metals (HMs) and nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). We have shown differences in GST activity when assayed with substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB). The conjugation of DCNB catalysed by GST was inhibited in all roots treated with HMs as compared to non-treated roots, whereas NACs caused induction of the activity in dependence on the exposition time and concentration of compounds. The conjugation of CDNB by GST was not affected to the same extent. The increase of GST activity was determined in cultures treated by nickel (0.1 mM) and diaminonitrotoluenes (DANTs, 0.1 mM) for 6 h, whereas the roots treated by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (ADNT) and dinitrotoluene (DNT, 1.0 mM) needed 27 h treatment to induce the activity. The POX activity of cultures treated by HMs was inhibited to 17-35% in comparison to non-treated cultures. The POX activity of roots treated by TNT (0.1 and 1.0 mM) for 6 and 27 h and by ADNT (0.1 and 1.0 mM) for 6 h was inhibited. A partial increase of POX activity was measured in roots treated by all NACs for 27 h. The content of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the roots differed significantly. It was followed as a symptom of the stress reaction of the plant metabolism to the effect of NACs and HMs. 相似文献
3.
de Zorzi P Barbizzi S Belli M Barbina M Fajgelj A Jacimovic R Jeran Z Menegon S Pati A Petruzzelli G Sansone U Van der Perk M 《Chemosphere》2008,70(5):745-752
In the frame of the international SOILSAMP project, funded and coordinated by the National Environmental Protection Agency of Italy (APAT), uncertainties due to field soil sampling were assessed. Three different sampling devices were applied in an agricultural area using the same sampling protocol. Cr, Sc and Zn mass fractions in the collected soil samples were measured by k(0)-instrumental neutron activation analysis (k(0)-INAA). For each element-device combination the experimental variograms were calculated using geostatistical tools. The variogram parameters were used to estimate the standard uncertainty arising from sampling. The sampling component represents the dominant contribution of the measurement uncertainty with a sampling uncertainty to measurement uncertainty ratio ranging between 0.6 and 0.9. The approach based on the use of variogram parameters leads to uncertainty values of the sampling component in agreement with those estimated by replicate sampling approach. 相似文献
4.
Kostanjsek R Lapanje A Drobne D Perović S Perović A Zidar P Strus J Hollert H Karaman G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(6):361-368
- Goal, Scope, Background. Lake Skadar is the largest lake in Balkan Peninsula, located on the Montenegro-Albanian border. The
unique features of the lake and wide range of endemic and rare or endangered plant and animal species resulted in the classification
of the Skadar as a wetland site of international significance. In spite of its importance the Lake is influenced by inflowing
waters from river Morača and other regional rivers contaminated by the industry, municipal and agricultural activities in
the area. Therefore, the Lake has been subject of various physical, chemical, biological and toxicological examinations. However,
community-level analyses are most relevant to assess the effect of stressors on aquatic ecosystems. In the present study bacterial
community structure among differently polluted sites of the lake was compared by genetic fingerprinting technique.
Methods Water and sediment samples were collected from five differently polluted sampling sites on the Lake Skadar in spring and
autumn of the same year. The bacterial community structure in the samples was characterized and compared by temporal temperature
gel electrophoresis (TTGE) analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes.
Results and Discussion The TTGE analysis resulted in many distinguishable and reproducible band patterns, allowing reliable comparison of bacterial
communities among sampling sites. Results on the bacterial community structure revealed that three of the selected locations
can be considered as sites that have not shown any pollution degradation determined by our method, due to similar structure
of bacterial community in the sediment samples. On the other hand, significant shifts in bacterial community structure in
the mouth of the river Morača and Plavnica were shown. Since the results coincide with some of the bioassays and chemical
analysis performed previously, the changes in bacterial community structure are explained as an effect of antropogenic pollution
on the lake ecosystem by waters of river Morača and stream Plavnica.
Conclusion The TTGE has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to monitor bacterial dynamics and community shifts in aquatic
environment, especially in the sediments. Within the variety of environmental quality assessments the use of TTGE analyses
of bacterial community is strongly recommended, particularly as an initial investigation. However, in any conclusion on the
state of the environment, the TTGE results should be combined to some other biological, chemical and hydrological data.
Recommendation and Outlook Since prokaryotes are a crucial group of organisms in the biosphere, the ecosystem function studies are largely based on
bacterial communities. Therefore, bacterial community structure analysis should be a part of an integrated weight of evidence
approach in pollution assessment. In case of Triad approach, consisting of chemical analyses, bioassays, and community studies
in the field, the TTGE bacterial community structure analyses should be placed in the later Triad leg. In comparison to other
community studies, based on various biotic indices, the TTGE bacterial community analysis has proven to be very sensitive,
reliable and less time consuming. 相似文献
5.
This study was implemented to investigate the effect of using pre-composted and raw kitchen waste with the addition of woodchips and paper in vermicomposting with regard to temperature, loss of weight, fluctuation of total and available content of nutrients and viability of earthworms. Kitchen bio-waste must be pre-composted for more than 2 weeks to reach a temperature below 25 °C. Vermicomposting increased the total content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg and the availability of P and K. Addition of used paper into kitchen bio-waste proved to be a suitable feed for earthworms. On the basis of the obtained data, a new type of vermireactor for separated pre-composting and subsequent vermicomposting of food waste has been developed. 相似文献
6.
Ales Lapanje Alexis Zrimec Maja Rupnik 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(10):3186-3193
In previous studies we detected lower species richness and lower Hg sensitivity of the bacteria present in egested guts of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) from chronically Hg polluted than from unpolluted environment. Basis for such results were further investigated by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of mercury-resistant (Hgr) isolates and clone libraries. We observed up to 385 times higher numbers of Hgr bacteria in guts of animals from polluted than from unpolluted environment. The majority of Hgr strains contained merA genes. Sequencing of 16S rRNA clones from egested guts of animals from Hg-polluted environments showed elevated number of bacteria from Pseudomonas, Listeria and Bacteroidetes relatives groups. In animals from pristine environment number of bacteria from Achromobacter relatives, Alcaligenes, Paracoccus, Ochrobactrum relatives, Rhizobium/Agrobacterium, Bacillus and Microbacterium groups were elevated. Such bacterial community shifts in guts of animals from Hg-polluted environment could significantly contribute to P. scaber Hg tolerance. 相似文献
7.
Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) residues in water samples 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pharmacologically active substances used to treat human and animal illnesses can enter the aquatic environment via effluents from wastewater treatment plants or in the case of veterinary drugs directly through liquid manure discharge. Some of these substances enter the environment either as the parent compound or as active/inactive metabolites. Due to their pharmacological activity, their determination and understanding their behavior and fate in the environment are important. The scope of this paper was to develop an analytical procedure to determine common pharmaceutical residues in wastewaters. Pharmacologically active substances were chosen according to their wide spread application in Slovenia and Central Europe and are members of analgesics, e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen and diclofenac. Selected compounds were isolated from synthetic water using a novel SPE sorbent Strata X. Due to the non-volatile nature of these compounds they were first silylised prior to gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection. The developed procedure was tested with synthetic wastewaters and their extraction efficiency (>84%) and method limits of detection (2-6 ng L(-1)) were determined. Our procedure has been adopted and optimised for "real" water samples and applied to eleven drinking and ten river water samples from Slovenia. The results showed no traces of NSAIDs in all potable water samples and low-range contamination (ng L(-1)) of Slovene rivers. These results show that NSAIDs contamination of Slovene waters is comparable with published results of water contamination in Central Europe. 相似文献
8.
Jiri Serafin Ales Bebcak Ales Bernatik Petr Lepik Miroslav Mynarz Martin Pitt 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(1):209-214
A standard spherical apparatus for measuring explosion characteristics was modified to give increased and controlled turbulence within a dust–air mixture. This was intended to mimic the local effects which may occur during industrial dust explosions, particularly secondary ones which may develop in ducts or mine galleries where the initial explosion causes an increased air velocity and suspension of further quantities of dust.The results show that there may be a doubling of the maximum explosion pressure and of the rate of pressure rise during the explosion under more turbulent conditions. This is significant for modelling of dust explosions and suggests that explosion relief may be inadequate if this factor is not taken into consideration.The modified apparatus therefore gives a laboratory method for assessing the effect of turbulence in dust explosions. 相似文献
9.
Collins C Laturnus F Nepovim A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(1):86-94
The widespread use of industrial chemicals in our highly industrialized society has often caused contamination of large terrestrial and marine areas due to the deliberate and accidental release of organic pollutants into the soil and groundwater. In this review, environmental problems arising from the use of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds are described, and an overview about active management strategies for remediation with special emphasis on phytoremediation are presented to achieve a reduction of the total mass of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds in contaminated areas. Phytoremediation has been proposed as an efficient, low-cost remediation technique to restore areas contaminated with chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds. The feasibility of phytoremediation as a remediation tool for these compounds is discussed with particular reference to the uptake and metabolism of these compounds, and a future perspective on the use of phytoremediation for the removal of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds is given. 相似文献
10.
The effect of soil ozonation on Pb and Zn extraction with EDTA, bioavailability (Ruby's Physiologically Based Extraction Test, PBET) and mobility (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TCLP) of Pb was studied on contaminated soils taken from 7 different locations in the Mezica Valley, Slovenia. EDTA extraction (40 mmol kg(-1)) removed from 27.4+/-1.5% to 64.8+/-1.5% of Pb, and from 1.9+/-0.2% to 22.4+/-2.0% of Zn from tested soils, and significantly reduced soil Pb bioavailability (PBET) and mobility (TCLP). Pretreatment of tested soils with ozone before EDTA extraction enhanced EDTA extractability of Pb for 11.0 to 28.9%, but had no effect on the extractability of Zn. In most of the soils, ozonation had no statistically significant effect on bioavailability and mobility of Pb, residual after EDTA extraction. Using linear regression analysis we found a significant increase (p<0.01) in EDTA extractability of Pb after soil ozonation in soils with a higher initial Pb content. EDTA extractability of Pb after soil ozonation was also significantly higher for soils with a lower Pb extractability when treated with EDTA alone. We found no correlation between soil organic matter content and the percentage of the Pb fraction bound to soil organic matter (where from 25.6+/-1.3% to 73.2+/-0.6% of Pb reside in tested soils) and Pb extractability with EDTA after soil ozonation. 相似文献