排序方式: 共有20条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
In some countries effluents from hospitals and households are directly emitted into open ditches without any further treatment and with very little dilution. Under such circumstances photo- and biodegradation in the environment can occur. However, these processes do not necessarily end up with the complete mineralization of a chemical. Therefore, the biodegradability of photoproduct(s) by environmental bacteria is of interest. Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally. Captopril (CP) is used in this study as it is widely used in Egypt and stated as one of the essential drugs in Egypt for hypertension. Three tests from the OECD series were used for biodegradation testing: Closed Bottle test (CBT; OECD 301 D), Manometric Respirometry test (MRT; OECD 301 F) and the modified Zahn-Wellens test (ZWT; OECD 302 B). Photodegradation (150 W medium-pressure Hg-lamp) of CP was studied. Also CBT was performed for captopril disulfide (CPDS) and samples received after 64 min and 512 min of photolysis. The primary elimination of CP and CPDS was monitored by LC-UV at 210 nm and structures of photoproducts were assessed by LC-UV-MS/MS (ion trap). Analysis of photodegradation samples by LC-MS/MS revealed CP sulfonic acid as the major photodegradation product of CP. No biodegradation was observed for CP, CPDS and of the mixture resulting from photo-treatment after 64 min in CBT. Partial biodegradation in the CBT and MRT was observed in samples taken after 512 min photolysis and for CP itself in MRT. Complete biodegradation and mineralization of CP occurred in the ZWT. 相似文献
2.
3.
Waleed K.Al-Zubari 《生态毒理学报》2003,25(1):43-47
即使采取方案,包括增加供应以及需求管理和保护政策,预计西亚将来还是会缺水.由于该地区的水资源非常有限,把规划、机构改革、经济手段、保护措施和实施具体项目结合起来或许可以实现长期可持续供应. 相似文献
4.
A GIS-based approach for the screening assessment of noise and vibration impacts from transit projects 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Urban transportation projects are essential in increasing the efficiency of moving people and goods within a city, and between cities. Environmental impacts from such projects must be evaluated and mitigated, as applicable. Spatial modeling is a valuable tool for quantifying the potential level of environmental consequences within the context of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) study. This paper presents a GIS-based tool for the assessment of airborne-noise and ground-borne vibration from public transit systems, and its application to an actual project. The tool is based on the US Federal Transit Administration's (FTA) approach, and incorporates spatial information, satellite imaging, geostatistical modeling, and software programming. The tool is applied on a case study of initial environmental evaluation of a light rail transit project in an urban city in the Middle East, to evaluate alternative layouts. The tool readily allowed the alternative evaluation and the results were used as input to a multi-criteria analytic framework. 相似文献
5.
Chemical oxidation using stabilized hydrogen peroxide in high temperature,saline groundwater impacted with hydrocarbons and MTBE 下载免费PDF全文
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) within groundwater is considered a proven approach to addressing PHC‐impacted groundwater in nonsaline environments. One of the most common oxidants used for oxidation of PHCs in groundwater is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Due to its highly reactive nature, H2O2 is often stabilized to aid in increasing its reactivity lifespan. Limited research and application of ISCO has been completed in warm, saline groundwater environments. Furthermore, even fewer studies have been completed in these environments for ISCO using stabilized H2O2. In this research, stabilized H2O2 was examined to determine its effectiveness in the treatment of PHCs and the additive methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE). Three stabilizers (citrate, phytate, silica [SiO2]) were tested to determine if the stabilizers could enhance and extend the treatment life of H2O2 within saline groundwater. To determine the effect of salinity on the three stabilizers, groundwater and aquifer samples were collected from two saline locations that had different salinity (total dissolved solids of about 7,000 mg/L and 18,000 mg/L). Specific target chemicals for treatment were water soluble, mobile components of gasoline including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, (BTEX) and MTBE. Previous studies using unactivated persulfate indicated that the PHCs within the groundwater could be oxidized, however, only limited oxidation of the MTBE could be affected. The results of the laboratory tests indicated that greater than 95 percent of the target hydrocarbons were removed within 7 days of treatment. Microcosms with citrate‐stabilized H2O2 demonstrated a significantly faster and greater decline with most hydrocarbon concentrations reaching < 5 μg/L. The exceptions were ethylbenzene and m‐xylene, which were slightly decreased to about 30 and 20 μg/L, respectively. Initial mean concentrations of the BTEX compounds within the citrate‐stabilized microcosms were 10,554 μg/L, 9,318 μg/L, 6,859 μg/L, and 14,435 μg/L, respectively. The silicate‐stabilized H2O2 microcosms showed no significant benefit over the unstabilized control microcosms. The better performance of citrate‐stabilized microcosms was confirmed by increasing δ13C values of remaining hydrocarbons. MTBE declined from > 400 mg/L to < 100 mg/L in all microcosms, again with the best removal (> 90 percent) being measured in the citrate‐stabilized microcosms. Unfortunately, H2O2 oxidation in the microcosms also resulted in production of up to 40 mg/L TBA or approximately 10 percent of the MTBE oxidized. 相似文献
6.
Al-Tamimi Jameel Ebaid Hossam Hassan Iftekhar Alhazza Ibrahim M. Hailan Waleed Al-Khalifa Mohammed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(24):31138-31150
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Many active molecules used in the development of new drugs are produced by ants. Present study assessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties... 相似文献
7.
Abdo AL-Barakani Li Bin Qahtan Anwar Saeed Ahmed Abdulsalam Alnoah Aloqab Abdullah Obadi Waleed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(36):54571-54595
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Indeed, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) plays an increasingly important role in global economic and climate change mitigation. However, scientists... 相似文献
8.
Basuki Imam Kauffman J. B. Peterson James Anshari Gusti Murdiyarso Daniel 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2019,24(4):557-573
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Tropical peat swamp forests are carbon-rich ecosystems that have been threatened by high rates of land use change (LUC). Despite the... 相似文献
9.
R. Bun M. Gusti L. Kujii O. Tokar Y. Tsybrivskyy A. Bun 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(4-5):483-494
A geoinformation technology for creating spatially distributed greenhouse gas inventories based on a methodology provided
by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and special software linking input data, inventory models, and a means for
visualization are proposed. This technology opens up new possibilities for qualitative and quantitative spatially distributed
presentations of inventory uncertainty at the regional level. Problems concerning uncertainty and verification of the distributed
inventory are discussed. A Monte Carlo analysis of uncertainties in the energy sector at the regional level is performed,
and a number of simulations concerning the effectiveness of uncertainty reduction in some regions are carried out. Uncertainties
in activity data have a considerable influence on overall inventory uncertainty, for example, the inventory uncertainty in
the energy sector declines from 3.2 to 2.0% when the uncertainty of energy-related statistical data on fuels combusted in
the energy industries declines from 10 to 5%. Within the energy sector, the ‘energy industries’ subsector has the greatest
impact on inventory uncertainty. The relative uncertainty in the energy sector inventory can be reduced from 2.19 to 1.47%
if the uncertainty of specific statistical data on fuel consumption decreases from 10 to 5%. The ‘energy industries’ subsector
has the greatest influence in the Donetsk oblast. Reducing the uncertainty of statistical data on electricity generation in
just three regions – the Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, and Luhansk oblasts – from 7.5 to 4.0% results in a decline from 2.6 to
1.6% in the uncertainty in the national energy sector inventory. 相似文献
10.
M. Gusti 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(4-5):475-482
A dynamic model of the carbon budget of an oak forest ecosystem that takes into account forest stand age was developed. A
numerical experiment was designed to simulate the afforestation process, and a Monte Carlo simulation was performed to determine
how parameter uncertainties and environmental variability influence the result. It was found that while the total amount of
carbon stored in the ecosystem increases from 1.9 kg C/m2 to 4.4 kg C/m2 over the following 20 years, the relative standard deviation increases from 9 to 21%. The contribution of varying climate
and carbon dioxide parameters to total uncertainty is substantial; for example, the standard deviation at the 10th modeling
year for phytomass doubles and the uncertainties of the soil pool and total accumulated carbon increase by a factor of nearly
1.4, while the uncertainty of the litter pool stays almost at the same level. 相似文献